Background

Talus fractures are rare (<1% of all fractures), and their rarity limits the number of studies available to guide management. In instances such as this, cadaveric studies can play an important role. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and describe the current body of literature on cadaveric studies of fractures of the talus.

Methods

Through multiple electronic database searches (Medline, Embase, Scopus) we identified a broad body of cadaveric research into talus fractures, and these were classified into 4 main themes. Study characteristics were summarised along with any descriptive results and conclusions.

Results

The search yielded 484 articles of which 19 met the inclusion criteria. They provide valuable insights into benefits and drawbacks of surgical approaches to the talus, particularly with regard to direct visualisation of anatomic reduction, and risks of neurovascular or tendon compromise. For talar neck fractures it is clear that cannulated screws offer superior fixation over plates, however, are inferior when considering anatomic reduction of the fracture. Direct visualisation of fracture reduction is far superior to intraoperative radiographic assessment, and mal-reduction leads to reduced subtalar joint range of motion, midfoot deformity, and increased joint contact pressures.

Conclusions

This study provides a summary of the existing literature surrounding the use of cadaver studies in fractures of the talus. We have identified gaps in the literature, particularly surrounding strength of fixation of new locking plate fixation techniques.

中文翻译：

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尸体模拟在距骨骨折研究中的作用：范围界定审查

背景

距骨骨折很少见（<所有骨折的 1%），并且它们的罕见性限制了可用于指导治疗的研究数量。在这种情况下，尸体研究可以发挥重要作用。本范围审查的目的是确定和描述当前关于距骨骨折尸体研究的文献。

方法

通过多个电子数据库搜索（Medline、Embase、Scopus），我们发现了大量关于距骨骨折的尸体研究，这些研究分为 4 个主要主题。总结了研究特征以及任何描述性结果和结论。

结果

搜索产生了 484 篇文章，其中 19 篇符合纳入标准。它们为距骨手术方法的优缺点提供了宝贵的见解，特别是在解剖复位的直接可视化以及神经血管或肌腱受损的风险方面。对于距骨颈骨折，空心螺钉显然比钢板提供更好的固定效果，但在考虑骨折的解剖复位时效果较差。骨折复位的直接可视化远优于术中影像学评估，复位不良会导致距下关节运动范围减小、中足畸形和关节接触压力增加。

结论

本研究总结了有关在距骨骨折中使用尸体研究的现有文献。我们已经确定了文献中的差距，特别是围绕新锁定钢板固定技术的固定强度。