The treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains very challenging. This study investigated the therapeutic effect of galactose oligosaccharide (GOS), an important prebiotic, on NAFLD through in vivo and in vitro experiments and preliminarily explored the mechanism by which GOS improves liver lipid metabolism and inflammation through liver and intestinal microbiological analysis. The results of mouse liver lipidomics showed that GOS could promote body thermogenesis in mice with high-fat and high-sugar diet (HFHSD)-induced NAFLD, regulate lipolysis in liver fat cells, and accelerate glycine and cholesterol metabolism. GOS dose-dependently reduced the contents of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in cells and reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in cells. GOS also reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and altered the composition of the intestinal microbiota in mice fed a HFHSD. GOS can improve liver lipid metabolism and intestinal structure of NAFLD. These results provide a theoretical and experimental basis supporting the use of GOS as a health food with anti-NAFLD functions.

中文翻译：

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GOS 通过脂质代谢和肠道微生物改善高脂高糖饮食诱发的非酒精性脂肪肝

非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）的治疗仍然非常具有挑战性。本研究通过体内外实验研究了重要的益生元低聚半乳糖（GOS）对NAFLD的治疗作用，并通过肝脏和肠道微生物学分析初步探讨了GOS改善肝脏脂质代谢和炎症的机制。小鼠肝脏脂质组学结果表明，GOS可促进高脂高糖饮食（HFHSD）诱导的NAFLD小鼠体内产热，调节肝脏脂肪细胞的脂肪分解，加速甘氨酸和胆固醇代谢。GOS剂量依赖性地降低细胞中总胆固醇（TC）和甘油三酯（TG）的含量，并减少细胞中脂滴的积累。GOS 还降低了厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门的比例，并改变了喂食 HFHSD 的小鼠肠道微生物群的组成。GOS可改善NAFLD的肝脏脂质代谢和肠道结构。这些结果为支持GOS作为具有抗NAFLD功能的保健食品的应用提供了理论和实验依据。