Keloid scarring is a kind of pathological healing manifestation after skin injury and possesses various tumor properties, such as the Warburg effect, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), expression imbalances of apoptosis-related genes and the presence of stem cells. Abnormal expression of tumor signatures is critical to the initiation and operation of these effects. Although previous experimental studies have recognized the potential value of a single or several tumor biomolecules in keloids, a comprehensive evaluation system for multiple tumor signatures in keloid scarring is still lacking. This paper aims to summarize tumor biomolecules in keloids from the perspectives of liquid biopsy, genetics, proteomics and epigenetics and to investigate their mechanisms of action and feasibility from bench to bedside. Liquid biopsy is suitable for the early screening of people with keloids due to its noninvasive and accurate performance. Epigenetic biomarkers do not require changes in the gene sequence and their reversibility and tissue specificity make them ideal therapeutic targets. Nonetheless, given the ethnic specificity and genetic predisposition of keloids, more large-sample multicenter studies are indispensable for determining the prevalence of these signatures and for establishing diagnostic criteria and therapeutic efficacy estimations based on these molecules.

中文翻译：

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瘢痕疙瘩肿瘤生物分子的发病机制及临床应用前景研究进展.

瘢痕疙瘩是皮肤损伤后的一种病理性愈合表现，具有多种肿瘤特性，如Warburg效应、上皮间质转化（EMT）、凋亡相关基因的表达失衡和干细胞的存在。肿瘤特征的异常表达对于这些效应的启动和运作至关重要。尽管先前的实验研究已经认识到瘢痕疙瘩中单个或多个肿瘤生物分子的潜在价值，但仍缺乏针对瘢痕疙瘩中多种肿瘤特征的综合评估系统。本文旨在从液体活检、遗传学、蛋白质组学和表观遗传学的角度总结瘢痕疙瘩中的肿瘤生物分子，并从实验室到临床研究它们的作用机制和可行性。液体活检因其无创和准确的性能，适用于瘢痕疙瘩患者的早期筛查。表观遗传生物标志物不需要改变基因序列，它们的可逆性和组织特异性使其成为理想的治疗靶点。尽管如此，鉴于瘢痕疙瘩的种族特异性和遗传易感性，更多的大样本多中心研究对于确定这些特征的普遍性以及基于这些分子建立诊断标准和治疗效果估计是必不可少的。