Background and importance 

Body temperature is considered an independent determinant of respiratory rate and heart rate; however, there is limited scientific evidence regarding the association. This study aimed to assess the association between temperature, and heart rate and respiratory rate in children.

Objective 

The objective of this study was to validate earlier findings that body temperature causes an increase of approximately 10 bpm rise in heart rate per 1 °C rise in temperature, in children aged under 16 years old.

Design 

A prospective study using anonymised prospectively collected patient data of 188 635 attendances, retrospectively extracted from electronic patient records.

Settings and participants 

Four Emergency or Urgent Care Departments in the North West of England. Participants were children and young people aged 0–16 years old who attended one of the four sites over a period of 3 years.

Outcome measures and analysis 

Multiple linear regression models, adjusted for prespecified confounders (including oxygen saturation, heart rate, respiratory rate, site of attendance, age), were used to examine the influence of various variables on heart rate and respiratory rate.

Main results 

Among the 235 909 patient visits (median age 5) included, the mean temperature was 37.0 (SD, 0.8). Mean heart rate and respiratory rate were 115.6 (SD, 29.0) and 26.9 (SD, 8.3), respectively. For every 1 °C increase in temperature, heart rate will on average be 12.3 bpm higher (95% CI, 12.2–12.4), after accounting for oxygen saturation, location of attendance, and age. For every 1 °C increase in temperature, there is on average a 0.3% decrease (95% CI, 0.2–0.4%) in respiratory rate.

Conclusion 

In this study on children attending urgent and emergency care settings, there was an independent association between temperature and heart rate but not between temperature and respiratory rate.

中文翻译：

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16 岁以下儿童在急诊和急诊就诊时体温、心率和呼吸频率之间的关系

背景和重要性 

体温被认为是呼吸频率和心率的独立决定因素；然而，关于这种关联的科学证据有限。本研究旨在评估儿童体温、心率和呼吸频率之间的关系。

客观的 

本研究的目的是验证早期的研究结果，即体温每升高 1°C 会导致 16 岁以下儿童的心率增加约 10 bpm。

设计 

一项前瞻性研究使用匿名前瞻性收集的 188 635 名就诊患者数据，回顾性地从电子患者记录中提取。

设置和参与者 

英格兰西北部的四个紧急或紧急护理部门。参与者是 0-16 岁的儿童和青少年，他们在 3 年的时间里参加了四个站点之一。

结果测量和分析 

多元线性回归模型，调整了预先指定的混杂因素（包括氧饱和度、心率、呼吸频率、就诊地点、年龄），用于检查各种变量对心率和呼吸频率的影响。

主要结果 

在包括的 235 909 名患者就诊（中位年龄 5 岁）中，平均体温为 37.0（SD，0.8）。平均心率和呼吸频率分别为 115.6 (SD, 29.0) 和 26.9 (SD, 8.3)。考虑到血氧饱和度、就诊地点和年龄后，温度每升高 1°C，心率平均会增加 12.3 bpm（95% CI，12.2–12.4）。温度每升高 1 °C，呼吸频率平均降低 0.3%（95% CI，0.2-0.4%）。

结论 

在这项关于参加紧急和紧急护理环境的儿童的研究中，体温和心率之间存在独立关联，但体温和呼吸频率之间没有相关性。