3D printed human organoids: High throughput system for drug screening and testing in current COVID-19 pandemic,Biotechnology and Bioengineering

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3D printed human organoids: High throughput system for drug screening and testing in current COVID-19 pandemic
Biotechnology and Bioengineering ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-28 , DOI: 10.1002/bit.28166
Arpana Parihar ₁ , Vasundhara Pandita ₂ , Raju Khan _{1,

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Affiliation

In the current pandemic, scenario the world is facing a huge shortage of effective drugs and other prophylactic medicine to treat patients which created havoc in several countries with poor resources. With limited demand and supply of effective drugs, researchers rushed to repurpose the existing approved drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. The process of drug screening and testing is very costly and requires several steps for validation and treatment efficacy evaluation ranging from in-vitro to in-vivo setups. After these steps, a clinical trial is mandatory for the evaluation of treatment efficacy and side effects in humans. These processes enhance the overall cost and sometimes the lead molecule show adverse effects in humans and the trial ends up in the final stages. Recently with the advent of three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture which mimics the human tissue exactly the process of drug screening and testing can be done in a faster and cost-effective manner. Further 3D organoids prepared from stems cells taken from individuals can be beneficial for personalized drug therapy which could save millions of lives. This review discussed approaches and techniques for the synthesis of 3D-printed human organoids for drug screening. The key findings of the usage of organoids for personalized medicine for the treatment of COVID-19 have been discussed. In the end, the key challenges for the wide applicability of human organoids for drug screening with prospects of future orientation have been included.

中文翻译：

3D 打印人体类器官：当前 COVID-19 大流行中药物筛选和测试的高通量系统

在当前的大流行中，世界面临着治疗患者的有效药物和其他预防性药物的巨大短缺，这在几个资源匮乏的国家造成了严重破坏。由于有效药物的需求和供应有限，研究人员急于将现有批准的药物重新用于治疗 COVID-19。药物筛选和测试的过程非常昂贵，并且需要从体外到体内设置的多个步骤来进行验证和治疗效果评估。在这些步骤之后，必须进行临床试验以评估人体的治疗效果和副作用。这些过程提高了总体成本，有时先导分子会对人类产生不利影响，试验最终进入最后阶段。最近，随着模拟人体组织的三维 (3D) 类器官培养的出现，药物筛选和测试的过程可以以更快和更具成本效益的方式完成。由取自个体的干细胞制备的进一步 3D 类器官可能有助于个性化药物治疗，从而挽救数百万人的生命。本综述讨论了用于药物筛选的 3D 打印人体类器官的合成方法和技术。已经讨论了将类器官用于个体化药物治疗 COVID-19 的主要发现。最后，人类类器官在药物筛选中的广泛适用性和未来方向的前景的关键挑战被包括在内。

更新日期：2022-06-28

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