Metal halide perovskites are widely used in optoelectronic devices, including solar cells, photodetectors, and light-emitting diodes. Defects in this class of low-temperature solution-processed semiconductors play significant roles in the optoelectronic properties and performance of devices based on these semiconductors. Investigating the defect properties provides not only insight into the origin of the outstanding performance of perovskite optoelectronic devices but also guidance for further improvement of performance. Defects in perovskites have been intensely studied. Here, we review the progress in defect-related physics and techniques for perovskites. We survey the theoretical and computational results of the origin and properties of defects in perovskites. The underlying mechanisms, functions, advantages, and limitations of trap state characterization techniques are discussed. We introduce the effect of defects on the performance of perovskite optoelectronic devices, followed by a discussion of the mechanism of defect treatment. Finally, we summarize and present key challenges and opportunities of defects and their role in the further development of perovskite optoelectronic devices.

中文翻译：

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金属卤化物钙钛矿缺陷的物理学

金属卤化物钙钛矿广泛应用于光电器件，包括太阳能电池、光电探测器和发光二极管。这类低温溶液处理半导体中的缺陷对基于这些半导体的器件的光电特性和性能起着重要作用。研究缺陷特性不仅可以深入了解钙钛矿光电器件出色性能的起源，还可以指导进一步提高性能。钙钛矿中的缺陷已得到深入研究。在这里，我们回顾了钙钛矿缺陷相关物理和技术的进展。我们调查了钙钛矿中缺陷的起源和性质的理论和计算结果。底层机制、功能、优势、陷阱状态表征技术的局限性进行了讨论。我们介绍了缺陷对钙钛矿光电器件性能的影响，然后讨论了缺陷处理的机制。最后，我们总结并提出了缺陷的主要挑战和机遇，以及它们在钙钛矿光电器件进一步发展中的作用。