This study investigated groundwater pollution and potential human health risks from arsenic, iron, and manganese in the rural area of Jashore, Bangladesh. Study results show that the mean value of groundwater pH is 7.25 ± 0.31, with a mean conductivity of 633.94 ± 327.41 μs/cm, while about 73, 97, and 91% of groundwater samples exceeded the Bangladesh drinking water standard limits for As, Fe, and Mn, respectively. Groundwater pollution evaluation indices, including the heavy metal pollution index, the heavy metal evaluation index, the degree of contamination, and the Nemerow pollution index, show that approximately 97, 82, 100, and 100% of samples are in the high degree of pollution category, respectively. Spatial distribution exhibited that the study area is highly exposed to As (73%), Fe (82%), and Mn (46%). In the case of non-carcinogenic health risk via oral exposure, about 94% of samples suggest a high category of risk for infants, and 97% of samples are found to be at high risk for children and adults. The carcinogenic risk of arsenic via an oral exposure pathway suggests that approximately 97% of the samples are found to be at high risk for infants, and all of the samples are at high risk for both adults and children.

本研究调查了孟加拉国贾肖尔农村地区的地下水污染和砷、铁和锰对人类健康的潜在风险。研究结果表明，地下水的 pH 平均值为 7.25 ± 0.31，平均电导率为 633.94 ± 327.41 μs/cm，而大约 73%、97% 和 91% 的地下水样品中的 As、Fe 超过了孟加拉国饮用水标准限值, 和锰, 分别。地下水污染评价指标，包括重金属污染指数、重金属评价指数、污染程度和 Nemerow 污染指数，显示约 97、82、100 和 100% 的样品处于高度污染类别，分别。空间分布表明，研究区域高度暴露于 As（73%）、Fe（82%）和 Mn（46%）。在通过口腔接触非致癌性健康风险的情况下，约 94% 的样本表明对婴儿具有高风险，97% 的样本被发现对儿童和成人具有高风险。砷通过口腔接触途径的致癌风险表明，大约 97% 的样本被发现对婴儿具有高风险，并且所有样本对成人和儿童都具有高风险。