Migratory species rely on multiple ranges across the annual cycle, rendering them vulnerable to a wide range of spatially disparate anthropogenic threats. The spatial distribution of these threats will strongly influence the magnitude of their population-scale effects, but this has not been quantitatively assessed for most species.

中文翻译：

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空间明确的风险映射揭示了对候鸟的直接人为影响

迁徙物种依赖于整个年度周期的多个范围，使它们容易受到各种空间不同的人为威胁。这些威胁的空间分布将强烈影响其种群规模效应的大小，但尚未对大多数物种进行定量评估。