The lethal effects of different entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) and nematodes (EPN) on the pupae of the Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) were investigated in a two-step study when used separately or together. In the first step, Nostalgist (Beauveria bassiana strain Bb-1, Agrobest Co.), Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) (Bioglobal Co.), 2 Turkish isolates of Beauveria bassiana BIM-001 and BY2 were applied separately to the pupal stage of pest in the soil. In the experiments, 3 different concentrations (150, 200, and 250 million infective juveniles (IJs)/100 l water) of EPN and a single concentration (1x108 spores/ml for and maximum recommended field dose 1 × 108 CFU/ml) of EPF were used. In the second step, BIM-001 and BY2 isolates of B. bassiana were combined with both EPN species; S. feltiae + B. bassiana BIM-001, S. feltiae + B. bassiana BY2, H. bacteriophora + B. bassiana BIM-001, H. bacteriophora +B. bassiana BY2 were applied to pupae. At this stage, 150 million IJs/100 l water which was the maximum recommended field concentration for EPN and 1 × 108 spores/ml for local EPF isolates were used. According to the study results, pupae deaths were significantly higher in Nostalgist (74%) than those of B. bassiana BIM-001, B. bassiana BY2, S. feltiae, and H. bacteriophora (P<0.05). While both EPN caused higher mortality than B. bassiana BY2, B. bassiana BIM-001 had the highest mortality rates. The combination of S. feltiae + B. bassiana BIM-001 at the highest mortality rate (80%) was found statistically different and significant from other EPF + EPN treatments on pupae. Moreover, there were non-statistical differences between the other EPF and EPN combinations. It was found that the combined use of EPF and EPN was more effective on the pupae of L. decemlineata than a single application. According to the results of the study, it may be promising to use EPN and EPF together for the control of the Colorado Potato Beetle pupae.

中文翻译：

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昆虫病原真菌和线虫单用和联合应用对马铃薯甲虫（Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Say]）蛹的疗效，（鞘翅目：Chrysomelidae）

不同昆虫病原真菌 (EPF) 和线虫 (EPN) 对科罗拉多马铃薯甲虫、Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (鞘翅目: Chrysomelidae) 蛹的致死作用在单独或一起使用时进行了两步研究。第一步，Nostalgist (Beauveria bassiana strain Bb-1, Agrobest Co.), Steinernema feeliae (Filipjev) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) (Bioglobal Co.), 2 个土耳其分离株Beauveria bassiana BIM-001 和 BY2 分别施用于土壤中害虫的蛹期。在实验中，EPN 的 3 种不同浓度（150、200 和 2.5 亿感染性幼体 (IJs)/100 升水）和单一浓度（1x108 孢子/ml，最大推荐现场剂量 1 × 108 CFU/ml）使用了 EPF。第二步，将 B. bassiana 的 BIM-001 和 BY2 分离物与两种 EPN 物种结合；S.毛毡 + B. bassiana BIM-001, S.毛毡 + B. bassiana BY2, H. bacteriophora + B. bassiana BIM-001, H. bacteriophora +B. 将bassiana BY2应用于蛹。在这个阶段，使用了 1.5 亿 IJs/100 l 水，这是 EPN 的最大推荐现场浓度和 1 × 108 孢子/ml 用于局部 EPF 分离株。根据研究结果，Nostalgist 中的蛹死亡率（74%）显着高于 B. bassiana BIM-001、B. bassiana BY2、S. feeliae 和 H. bacteriophora（P<0.05）。虽然两种 EPN 导致的死亡率都高于 B. bassiana BY2，但 B. bassiana BIM-001 的死亡率最高。S. feeliae + B. 的组合 发现死亡率最高 (80%) 的 bassiana BIM-001 与其他 EPF + EPN 对蛹的处理具有统计学差异和显着性。此外，其他 EPF 和 EPN 组合之间存在非统计差异。发现EPF和EPN的联合使用对L. decemlineata的蛹比单独使用更有效。根据研究结果，可能有希望将 EPN 和 EPF 一起用于控制科罗拉多马铃薯甲虫蛹。