Lightweight, miniaturized optical imaging systems are vastly anticipated in these fields of aerospace exploration, industrial vision, consumer electronics, and medical imaging. However, conventional optical techniques are intricate to downscale as refractive lenses mostly rely on phase accumulation. Metalens, composed of subwavelength nanostructures that locally control light waves, offers a disruptive path for small-scale imaging systems. Recent advances in the design and nanofabrication of dielectric metalenses have led to some high-performance practical optical systems. This review outlines the exciting developments in the aforementioned area whilst highlighting the challenges of using dielectric metalenses to replace conventional optics in miniature optical systems. After a brief introduction to the fundamental physics of dielectric metalenses, the progress and challenges in terms of the typical performances are introduced. The supplementary discussion on the common challenges hindering further development is also presented, including the limitations of the conventional design methods, difficulties in scaling up, and device integration. Furthermore, the potential approaches to address the existing challenges are also deliberated.

轻型、小型化光学成像系统在航空航天探索、工业视觉、消费电子和医学成像等领域备受期待。然而，传统的光学技术很难缩小尺寸，因为折射透镜主要依赖于相位累积。超透镜由局部控制光波的亚波长纳米结构组成，为小型成像系统提供了一条颠覆性的途径。介电超透镜的设计和纳米制造的最新进展导致了一些高性能的实用光学系统。这篇综述概述了上述领域令人兴奋的发展，同时强调了使用介电超透镜取代微型光学系统中的传统光学器件所面临的挑战。在简要介绍介电超透镜的基础物理学之后，介绍了典型性能方面的进展和挑战。还对阻碍进一步发展的共同挑战进行了补充讨论，包括传统设计方法的局限性、放大困难和设备集成。此外，还审议了应对现有挑战的潜在方法。