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Arap1 loss causes retinal pigment epithelium phagocytic dysfunction and subsequent photoreceptor death.
Disease Models & Mechanisms ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-27 , DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049343
Andy Shao 1, 2 , Antonio Jacobo Lopez 2 , JiaJia Chen 2 , Addy Tham 2 , Seanne Javier 2 , Alejandra Quiroz 2 , Sonia Frick 2 , Edward M Levine 3 , K C Kent Lloyd 4, 5 , Brian C Leonard 6 , Christopher J Murphy 2, 6 , Thomas M Glaser 7 , Ala Moshiri 2
Affiliation  

Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), a retinal degenerative disease, is the leading cause of heritable blindness. Previously, we described that Arap1-/- mice develop a similar pattern of photoreceptor degeneration. Arap1 is an Arf-directed GTPase-activating protein (GAP) shown to modulate actin cytoskeletal dynamics. Curiously, Arap1 expression was detected in Müller Glia and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), not the photoreceptors themselves. In this study, we generated conditional knockout (cKO) mice for Müller Glia/RPE, Müller Glia, and RPE via targeting Rlbp1, Glast, and Vmd2 promoters, respectively, to drive Cre recombinase expression to knock out Arap1. Vmd2-Cre Arap1tm1c/tm1c and Rlbp1-Cre Arap1tm1c/tm1c mice, but not Glast-Cre Arap1tm1c/tm1c mice, recapitulated the phenotype originally observed in germline Arap1-/- mice. Mass spectrometry analysis of ARAP1 co-immunoprecipitation identified candidate binding partners of ARAP1, revealing potential interactants involved in phagocytosis, cytoskeletal composition, intracellular trafficking, and endocytosis. Quantification of outer segment (OS) phagocytosis in vivo demonstrated a clear phagocytic defect in Arap1-/- mice compared to Arap1+/+ controls. We conclude that Arap1 expression in RPE is necessary for photoreceptor survival due to its indispensable function in RPE phagocytosis.

中文翻译:

Arap1 丢失导致视网膜色素上皮细胞吞噬功能障碍和随后的光感受器死亡。

视网膜色素变性 (RP) 是一种视网膜退行性疾病,是遗传性失明的主要原因。以前,我们描述过 Arap1-/- 小鼠会出现类似的光感受器退化模式。Arap1 是一种 Arf 导向的 GTP 酶激活蛋白 (GAP),可调节肌动蛋白细胞骨架动力学。奇怪的是,在 Müller Glia 和视网膜色素上皮 (RPE) 中检测到 Arap1 表达,而不是光感受器本身。在这项研究中,我们分别通过靶向 Rlbp1、Glast 和 Vmd2 启动子来生成 Müller Glia/RPE、Müller Glia 和 RPE 的条件敲除 (cKO) 小鼠,以驱动 Cre 重组酶表达以敲除 Arap1。Vmd2-Cre Arap1tm1c/tm1c 和 Rlbp1-Cre Arap1tm1c/tm1c 小鼠,而不是 Glast-Cre Arap1tm1c/tm1c 小鼠,概括了最初在种系 Arap1-/- 小鼠中观察到的表型。ARAP1 共免疫沉淀的质谱分析确定了 ARAP1 的候选结合伙伴,揭示了参与吞噬作用、细胞骨架组成、细胞内运输和内吞作用的潜在相互作用物。体内外段 (OS) 吞噬作用的定量表明,与 Arap1+/+ 对照相比,Arap1-/- 小鼠存在明显的吞噬缺陷。我们得出结论,由于 Arap1 在 RPE 吞噬作用中不可或缺的功能,RPE 中的 Arap1 表达是光感受器存活所必需的。体内外段 (OS) 吞噬作用的定量表明,与 Arap1+/+ 对照相比,Arap1-/- 小鼠存在明显的吞噬缺陷。我们得出结论,由于 Arap1 在 RPE 吞噬作用中不可或缺的功能,RPE 中的 Arap1 表达是光感受器存活所必需的。体内外段 (OS) 吞噬作用的定量表明,与 Arap1+/+ 对照相比,Arap1-/- 小鼠存在明显的吞噬缺陷。我们得出结论,由于 Arap1 在 RPE 吞噬作用中不可或缺的功能,RPE 中的 Arap1 表达是光感受器存活所必需的。
更新日期:2022-06-27
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