Several works have addressed the impact of transport accessibility on regional development. Nevertheless, it is not consensual that new levels of accessibility lead to the improvement of regional development. This article proposes a methodological approach to assess whether significant relationship exist between these two variables. The methodology uses Data Envelopment Analysis to evaluate regional performance and spatial statistics methods (local bivariate relationships) to evaluate the type of relationships between accessibility and performance for each region, along with its significance. The approach was applied to 186 NUTS that cover 19 European countries, extending previous works which focus on global results, in the sense that only one (usually large) area is considered. Results indicate that approximately half the regions have a significant relationship between transport accessibility and regional performance. Logit regression analyses show that central regions are more likely to exhibit significance, as well as regions with high (low) levels of performance surrounded by regions with high (low) levels of accessibility, hinting at a synergy between the two variables. An important policy implication is that regions of high performance surrounded by regions of low accessibility may benefit from investments in the transport infrastructure.

几项工作已经解决了交通可达性对区域发展的影响。然而，新的可达性水平导致区域发展的改善并不是共识。本文提出了一种方法论方法来评估这两个变量之间是否存在显着关系。该方法使用数据包络分析来评估区域性能和空间统计方法（局部二元关系）来评估每个区域的可访问性和性能之间的关系类型及其重要性。该方法适用于覆盖 19 个欧洲国家的 186 个 NUTS，扩展了以前关注全球结果的工作，即只考虑一个（通常是大的）区域。结果表明，大约一半的地区在交通可达性和地区绩效之间存在显着关系。Logit 回归分析表明，中心区域更有可能表现出显着性，以及具有高（低）性能水平的区域被具有高（低）可访问性水平的区域包围，这暗示了两个变量之间的协同作用。一个重要的政策含义是，被低可达性区域包围的高性能区域可能会受益于对交通基础设施的投资。以及具有高（低）性能水平的区域被具有高（低）可访问性水平的区域包围，这暗示了这两个变量之间的协同作用。一个重要的政策含义是，被低可达性区域包围的高性能区域可能会受益于对交通基础设施的投资。以及具有高（低）性能水平的区域被具有高（低）可访问性水平的区域包围，这暗示了这两个变量之间的协同作用。一个重要的政策含义是，被低可达性区域包围的高性能区域可能会受益于对交通基础设施的投资。