INTRODUCTION Problematic alcohol use and depression are prevalent in the college student population. The purpose of this study was to identify how personality and social-contextual factors in the first year of college work together to predict stable and potentially co-occurring alcohol use disorder (AUD) and depressive symptoms over a period of approximately 4 years. METHODS Participants were first-year college students from the Southeastern United States (N = 209, 90% white, 62% female). Baseline data were collected in the first year of college and follow-up assessments were completed ~1 and ~4 years later (retention rates: 80%+, average ages ~19, 20, and 23 years, respectively). At each assessment, participants completed a comprehensive online survey assessing mental health and substance use, as well as personality, social support, stress, sleep, and other features of peer and romantic partner affiliations. RESULTS Results from our random-intercept cross-lagged panel model indicated AUD and depressive symptoms were more likely to co-occur in the transition out of rather than into college. Significant predictors of stable AUD symptoms across the ~4-year period included greater alcohol quantity, marijuana frequency, affiliation with antisocial/substance-using peers, and frequency of drinking with romantic partner in the first year of college. Significant predictors of stable depressive symptoms included greater constraint, greater negative emotionality, lower positive emotionality, greater stress, and less weekday sleep. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that personality factors, stress, and sleep in the first year of college may be useful targets to screen for in efforts to reduce long-term depressive symptoms in the college context. Disrupting affiliation with antisocial/substance-using peers and romantic partners and reducing the high quantity of alcohol and frequency of marijuana may be more relevant to reducing long-term problematic alcohol use. Implications for incorporating individually-tailored approaches to prevention/intervention are addressed.

中文翻译：

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持续性酒精使用障碍和同时发生的抑郁症状的预测因素：来自纵向大学经历研究的见解。

引言 有问题的酒精使用和抑郁症在大学生群体中普遍存在。本研究的目的是确定大学第一年的人格和社会背景因素如何共同预测大约 4 年的稳定和可能同时发生的酒精使用障碍 (AUD) 和抑郁症状。方法 参与者是来自美国东南部的一年级大学生（N = 209，90% 白人，62% 女性）。在大学第一年收集基线数据，并在约 1 年和约 4 年后完成后续评估（保留率：80%+，平均年龄分别为约 19、20 和 23 岁）。在每次评估中，参与者都完成了一项全面的在线调查，评估心理健康和物质使用，以及人格、社会支持、压力、睡眠，以及同伴和浪漫伴侣关系的其他特征。结果 我们的随机截距交叉滞后面板模型的结果表明，AUD 和抑郁症状更有可能在从大学毕业而不是进入大学的过渡中同时发生。在约 4 年期间稳定 AUD 症状的重要预测因素包括更多的酒精量、吸食大麻的频率、与反社会/吸毒的同龄人的关系，以及在大学第一年与浪漫伴侣饮酒的频率。稳定抑郁症状的重要预测因素包括更大的约束、更大的消极情绪、更低的积极情绪、更大的压力和更少的工作日睡眠。结论 研究结果表明，人格因素、压力、大学第一年的睡眠和睡眠可能是筛选的有用目标，以减少大学环境中的长期抑郁症状。破坏与反社会/滥用药物的同伴和浪漫伴侣的联系，减少大量饮酒和吸食大麻的频率可能与减少长期有问题的酒精使用更相关。解决了将个性化定制方法纳入预防/干预的影响。