Introduction

In this study, we profiled the levels of blood cellular indices, endogenous glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and inflammatory biomarkers in a cohort comprised of pulmonary embolism (PE) patients, to determine their inter-relationships. Identification of this relationship may provide insight to the complex pathophysiology of PE and the predictive role of blood cellular indices in acute PE patients.

Materials and Methods

Plasma samples from PE patients and healthy controls were analyzed for thrombo-inflammatory biomarkers (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, VEGF, IFN-ɣ, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, MCP-1, EGF, D-dimer, CRP and MMP-9) using biochip array and ELISA methods. The endogenous GAG levels were quantified using a fluorescence quenching method. The data regarding the blood cellular indices were collected through the review of patient medical records and analyzed to demonstrate their relationship.

Results

The levels of inflammatory biomarkers and endogenous GAGs were elevated in acute PE patients compared to controls (P < .05). Most of the blood cellular indices have shown significant differences in acute PE patients compared to controls (P < .05). The levels of inflammatory biomarkers, endogenous GAGs and the blood cellular indices have shown significant associations in correlation and multivariable analysis. While NLR, PLR and SII were significantly predicting the 30-day mortality, PNR, ELR and EMR were not sufficient to predict 30-day mortality in acute PE.

Conclusion

Our results show that the increased thrombo-inflammatory response is associated with the release of GAGs and the changes in blood cellular indices. The predictive role of the blood cellular indices for mortality is dependent on their relationship with the inflammatory response.

中文翻译：

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血细胞指标的预测作用及其与内源性糖胺聚糖作为肺栓塞炎症生物标志物决定因素的关系

介绍

在这项研究中，我们分析了由肺栓塞 (PE) 患者组成的队列中的血细胞指数、内源性糖胺聚糖 (GAG) 和炎症生物标志物的水平，以确定它们之间的相互关系。确定这种关系可能有助于深入了解 PE 的复杂病理生理学以及血细胞指数在急性 PE 患者中的预测作用。

材料和方法

分析来自 PE 患者和健康对照的血浆样本的血栓炎症生物标志物（IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、VEGF、IFN-ɣ、TNF-α、IL-1α、 IL-1β、MCP-1、EGF、D-二聚体、CRP 和 MMP-9）使用生物芯片阵列和 ELISA 方法。使用荧光猝灭法定量内源性 GAG 水平。通过审查患者病历收集有关血细胞指数的数据，并对其进行分析以证明它们的关系。

结果

与对照组相比，急性 PE 患者的炎症生物标志物和内源性 GAG 水平升高（P  < .05）。与对照组相比，急性 PE 患者的大多数血细胞指标显示出显着差异（P  < .05）。炎症生物标志物、内源性 GAG 和血细胞指数的水平在相关性和多变量分析中显示出显着的关联。虽然 NLR、PLR 和 SII 显着预测 30 天死亡率，但 PNR、ELR 和 EMR 不足以预测急性 PE 的 30 天死亡率。

结论

我们的研究结果表明，血栓炎症反应的增加与 GAG 的释放和血细胞指数的变化有关。血细胞指数对死亡率的预测作用取决于它们与炎症反应的关系。