Each year in the United States, ∼3500 infants die of sleep-related infant deaths, including sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision [ICD-10] R95), ill-defined deaths (ICD-10 R99), and accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed (ICD-10 W75). After a substantial decline in sleep-related deaths in the 1990s, the overall death rate attributable to sleep-related infant deaths has remained stagnant since 2000, and disparities persist. The triple risk model proposes that SIDS occurs when an infant with intrinsic vulnerability (often manifested by impaired arousal, cardiorespiratory, and/or autonomic responses) undergoes an exogenous trigger event (eg, exposure to an unsafe sleeping environment) during a critical developmental period. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a safe sleep environment to reduce the risk of all sleep-related deaths. This includes supine positioning; use of a firm, noninclined sleep surface; room sharing without bed sharing; and avoidance of soft bedding and overheating. Additional recommendations for SIDS risk reduction include human milk feeding; avoidance of exposure to nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, opioids, and illicit drugs; routine immunization; and use of a pacifier. New recommendations are presented regarding noninclined sleep surfaces, short-term emergency sleep locations, use of cardboard boxes as a sleep location, bed sharing, substance use, home cardiorespiratory monitors, and tummy time. Additional information to assist parents, physicians, and nonphysician clinicians in assessing the risk of specific bed-sharing situations is also included. The recommendations and strength of evidence for each recommendation are included in this policy statement. The rationale for these recommendations is discussed in detail in the accompanying technical report.

中文翻译：

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与睡眠有关的婴儿死亡：更新了 2022 年减少睡眠环境中婴儿死亡的建议。

在美国，每年约有 3500 名婴儿死于与睡眠有关的婴儿死亡，包括婴儿猝死综合症 (SIDS)（国际疾病分类，第 10 版 [ICD-10] R95）、不明确的死亡（ICD-10 R99)，以及床上意外窒息和窒息 (ICD-10 W75)。在 1990 年代与睡眠有关的死亡人数大幅下降之后，与睡眠有关的婴儿死亡的总体死亡率自 2000 年以来一直停滞不前，并且差异持续存在。三重风险模型提出，当具有内在脆弱性（通常表现为觉醒、心肺和/或自主反应受损）的婴儿在关键发育时期经历外源性触发事件（例如，暴露于不安全的睡眠环境）时，就会发生 SIDS。美国儿科学会推荐安全的睡眠环境，以降低所有与睡眠相关的死亡风险。这包括仰卧位；使用坚固、不倾斜的睡眠表面；共享房间但不共享床位；避免柔软的被褥和过热。减少 SIDS 风险的其他建议包括母乳喂养；避免接触尼古丁、酒精、大麻、阿片类药物和非法药物；常规免疫；和使用安抚奶嘴。提出了关于非倾斜睡眠表面、短期紧急睡眠地点、使用纸板箱作为睡眠地点、床共享、物质使用、家庭心肺监测仪和俯卧时间的新建议。帮助父母、医生、和非医师临床医生评估特定床位共享情况的风险也包括在内。本政策声明中包含每项建议的建议和证据强度。这些建议的理由在随附的技术报告中进行了详细讨论。