Optimal stem structure affects stem strength and significantly contributes to wheat yield, for which internode diameter (ID) characteristics are considered important. To specify the genetic basis of wheat internode characteristics, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for the ID trait was performed using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population derived from a cross between Kenong 9204 (KN9204) and Jing 411 (J411), denoted as KJ-RIL. IDs of the 187 KJ-RILs were evaluated in five different environments, and all five IDs were found to be positively associated with thousand kernel weight (TKW) and negatively associated with spike number per plant (SNPP). A total of 47 putative additive QTLs associated with ID were detected, distributed across all 21 wheat chromosomes. Individually, these QTLs explained 3.7–12.3% of the phenotypic variance, and the LOD values ranged from 2.0 to 5.7. Of these 47 QTLs, 36.2% (17) were co-localized with QTLs for kernel number per spike (KNPS), 29.8% (14) for TKW and 25.5% (12) for yield per plant (YPP), respectively, indicating ID traits can influence yield-related traits (YRTs) to some extent. Moreover, three stable QTLs of qID-3-KJ-3D, qID-4-KJ-7A and qID-5-KJ-6B were identified in this study. The present study provides new insights into understanding the genetic relationships between ID and yield potential.

最佳茎结构影响茎的强度并显着促进小麦产量，其中节间直径 (ID) 特征被认为很重要。为了确定小麦节间特征的遗传基础，使用源自克农 9204 (KN9204) 和京 411 (J411) 杂交的重组自交系 (RIL) 作图群体对 ID 性状进行数量性状基因座 (QTL) 作图，记为 KJ-RIL。在五个不同的环境中评估了 187 个 KJ-RIL 的 ID，发现所有五个 ID 都与千粒重 (TKW) 呈正相关，与每株穗数 (SNPP) 呈负相关。共检测到 47 个推定的与 ID 相关的加性 QTL，分布在所有 21 条小麦染色体中。单独地，这些 QTL 解释了 3.7-12.3% 的表型变异，LOD 值范围为 2.0 到 5.7。在这 47 个 QTL 中，36.2% (17) 与每穗粒数 (KNPS) 的 QTL、29.8% (14) 的 TKW 和 25.5% (12) 的每株产量 (YPP) 共定位，表明 ID性状可以在一定程度上影响产量相关性状（YRT）。此外，三个稳定的 QTL在本研究中鉴定了qID-3-KJ-3D、qID-4-KJ-7A和qID-5-KJ-6B 。本研究为理解 ID 和产量潜力之间的遗传关系提供了新的见解。