Abstract

Significant, multilateral, and long-term use of Ukraine’s water resources in various spheres of human activity has led to the deterioration of the state of many water management facilities and the complication of their operational regime. An unfavorable ecological situation developed in 2016 around the Oster River flowing through the territory of the Chernihiv region. This was caused by many factors of anthropogenic impact (intentional and unintentional) that have formed in the agricultural, industrial, housing, and communal sectors. A combination of these factors resulted in some changes occurring in the river ecosystem. The main goal of the present work is an analytical study of water quality in terms of hydrochemical indicators and an assessment of the ecological state of waters of the Oster River. The chemical composition of the surface waters of the city of Oster was analyzed, in particular, by stripping voltammetry for the concentration of heavy metal ions Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Cu²⁺ and colorimetry for the concentration of total Mn²⁺, \({\text{NH}}_{4}^{ + }\), \({\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }\), and \({\text{PO}}_{4}^{{3 - }}\). Insignificant excesses of the water quality standard were found for fishery reservoirs in the concentration of organic substances in terms of chemical and biological oxygen consumption, ammonium ions, and phosphate ions. Pollution with ions of these heavy metals in water samples was not recorded, but the concentrations of lead and copper ions tend to increase. Exceeding the total iron and manganese indicators is typical for the Polesye rivers. These phenomena may result from anthropogenic loads and natural anomalies. A comprehensive assessment of the quality of surface waters based on the calculation of the water pollution index revealed that in 2018–2020, surface waters of the Oster River belong to Class III and are characterized as “moderately polluted.” The study results are useful for areas of water protection activities to improve the state of the Oster River and eliminate the negative consequences of anthropogenic impact.

中文翻译：

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奥斯特河水质和生态状况评估

摘要

在人类活动的各个领域中，乌克兰水资源的大量、多边和长期使用导致许多水管理设施的状况恶化，其运营制度也变得复杂化。2016 年，流经切尔尼戈夫地区的奥斯特河周围出现了不利的生态状况。这是由在农业、工业、住房和公共部门形成的许多人为影响因素（有意和无意）造成的。这些因素的结合导致河流生态系统发生了一些变化。目前工作的主要目标是根据水化学指标对水质进行分析研究，并评估奥斯特河水域的生态状况。²⁺ , Cu ²⁺ , Zn ²⁺ , 和 Cu ²⁺和总Mn ²⁺浓度的比色法, \({\text{NH}}_{4}^{ + }\) , \({\ text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }\)和\({\text{PO}}_{4}^{{3 - }}\). 就化学和生物耗氧量、铵离子和磷酸根离子而言，渔业水库的有机物质浓度未发现明显超标。没有记录水样中这些重金属离子的污染，但铅和铜离子的浓度趋于增加。超过总铁和锰指标是 Polesye 河流的典型特征。这些现象可能是由人为负荷和自然异常引起的。基于水污染指数计算的地表水水质综合评价显示，2018-2020年，奥斯特河地表水属于Ⅲ类，为“中度污染”。