The rapid growth of the Internet of Things gives rise to numerous Low Power Wide Area Network technologies, one of which, NB-Fi technology, has been approved as a Preliminary National Standard of the Russian Federation and is planned for wide application. However, the scientific literature contains very few studies of NB-Fi, and the investigation of the possibilities and potential advantages and disadvantages of NB‑Fi is an open issue. This paper provides a tutorial of the NB-Fi protocol with a focus on channel access methods. Also, the paper evaluates how the packet loss rate and delay depend on the network load, points out the factors that can reduce the protocol efficiency, and proposes some approaches to improve the NB-Fi network performance.

物联网的快速发展催生了众多低功耗广域网技术，其中NB-Fi技术已被批准为俄罗斯联邦初步国家标准，并计划广泛应用。然而，科学文献中关于 NB-Fi 的研究很少，对 NB-Fi 的可能性和潜在优缺点的调查是一个悬而未决的问题。本文提供了 NB-Fi 协议的教程，重点介绍了信道访问方法。此外，本文还评估了丢包率和延迟如何依赖于网络负载，指出了会降低协议效率的因素，并提出了一些提高 NB-Fi 网络性能的方法。