Phenolic compounds play important roles in pharmacology, nutrition and inhibition of pathogens. However, there are few studies on the identification of phenolic compounds related to walnut anthracnose resistance. In this study, we examined the walnut cultivars ‘Amigo’ and ‘HuoTe’, which are resistant and susceptible to anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), respectively. After inoculation with C. gloeosporioides, the overlapping differentially expressed genes of ‘Amigo’ and ‘HuoTe’ were mainly enriched in the phenolic compound biosynthesis pathway, and the genes related to chorismate and phenylalanine upstream metabolism pathways were induced. The phenolic compounds in the husks of ‘Amigo’ and ‘HuoTe’ were mainly phenylpropanoids-phenolic acids, benzoic acid derivatives-phenolic acids, procyanidins and flavonols. Further analysis revealed that 11 phenolic compounds were putatively related to the response to C. gloeosporioides. Subsequently, we conducted sensitivity tests with these potential active ingredients and found that 4-coumaric acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid inhibited C. gloeosporioides growth and can be used as effective antifungal agents. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 4-coumaric acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were 1 g L⁻¹ and 2 g L⁻¹, respectively. The mixed antifungal agents composed of 4-coumaric acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid had an obvious inhibitory effect on C. gloeosporioides in walnut fruit with an MIC ratio of 1:2. These results reveal the induced phenolic compounds of walnut husk and their active ingredients in response to anthracnose and provide a basis for further research on regulating and controlling anthracnose disease.

酚类化合物在药理学、营养学和病原体抑制方面发挥着重要作用。然而，与核桃抗炭疽病相关的酚类化合物的鉴定研究较少。在这项研究中，我们分别检测了对炭疽病（ Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）具有抗性和易感性的核桃品种' Amigo '和' HuoTe '。接种球孢子虫后，' Amigo '和' HooTe的差异表达基因重叠。'主要富集于酚类化合物生物合成途径，并诱导了分支酸和苯丙氨酸上游代谢途径相关的基因。' Amigo '和' HuoTe '外壳中的酚类化合物主要是苯丙烷-酚酸、苯甲酸衍生物-酚酸、原花青素和黄酮醇。进一步分析表明，11 种酚类化合物被推定与对C. gloeosporioides的反应有关。随后，我们对这些潜在的活性成分进行了敏感性测试，发现 4-香豆酸和对羟基苯甲酸可抑制C. gloeosporioides生长，可用作有效的抗真菌剂。4-香豆酸和对羟基苯甲酸的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为1 g L ^-1和2 g L ^-1。由4-香豆酸和对羟基苯甲酸组成的混合抗真菌剂对核桃果实中的胶孢子虫有明显的抑制作用，MIC为1:2。这些结果揭示了核桃壳中诱导的酚类化合物及其活性成分对炭疽病的反应，为进一步研究调控炭疽病提供了依据。