Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key signalling molecules that enable cells to rapidly respond to different stimuli. In plants, ROS play a crucial role in abiotic and biotic stress sensing, integration of different environmental signals and activation of stress-response networks, thus contributing to the establishment of defence mechanisms and plant resilience. Recent advances in the study of ROS signalling in plants include the identification of ROS receptors and key regulatory hubs that connect ROS signalling with other important stress-response signal transduction pathways and hormones, as well as new roles for ROS in organelle-to-organelle and cell-to-cell signalling. Our understanding of how ROS are regulated in cells by balancing production, scavenging and transport has also increased. In this Review, we discuss these promising developments and how they might be used to increase plant resilience to environmental stress.

活性氧 (ROS) 是使细胞能够快速响应不同刺激的关键信号分子。在植物中，活性氧在非生物和生物胁迫感知、不同环境信号的整合和胁迫响应网络的激活中起着至关重要的作用，从而有助于防御机制和植物恢复力的建立。植物 ROS 信号传导研究的最新进展包括 ROS 受体的鉴定和将 ROS 信号传导与其他重要的应激反应信号转导途径和激素联系起来的关键调节中心，以及 ROS 在细胞器到细胞器和细胞器之间的新作用细胞间信号传导。我们对 ROS 如何通过平衡生产、清除和运输在细胞中受到调节的理解也有所增加。在这篇评论中，