Abstract

Silicon nano- and microparticles obtained using electric-spark dispersion of silicon electrodes and granules in 40 wt% solution of methyl alcohol in water were investigated by ultrasoft X-ray emission spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies. In addition, the SiLα spectra of obtained silicon particles were modeled by superimposing the spectra of pure silicon and silicon oxide taken in certain weight ratios. It was found that the surfaces of Si nano- and microparticles obtained in 40 wt% solution of methyl alcohol in water are covered with silicon oxide and chemisorbents, while the core consists of crystalline silicon with a cubic face-centered lattice. The silicon nano- and microparticles show potential as an anode material to replace commonly used graphite electrodes. The charge capacity of the electrode based on mixture of Si nano- and microparticles with graphite powder was about 1272 mAh/g after ten cycles.

摘要

通过超软 X 射线发射光谱、X 射线光电子能谱、X 射线衍射、扫描和透射研究了使用硅电极和颗粒在 40 wt% 甲醇水溶液中的电火花分散获得的硅纳米颗粒和微粒电子显微镜。此外，Si Lα获得的硅颗粒的光谱通过叠加以一定重量比取得的纯硅和氧化硅的光谱来建模。结果发现，在 40 wt% 的甲醇水溶液中获得的 Si 纳米颗粒和微粒的表面覆盖有氧化硅和化学吸附剂，而核心由具有立方面心晶格的晶体硅组成。硅纳米颗粒和微粒显示出作为阳极材料替代常用石墨电极的潜力。十次循环后，基于硅纳米颗粒和微粒与石墨粉的混合物的电极的充电容量为约1272mAh/g。