Recent work has excluded sociocultural factors among the determinants of Big Science projects. This paper empirically tests the role of four different measures of social preferences, namely altruism, trust, negative reciprocity, and positive reciprocity, in increasing the likelihood of sustaining international cooperation in Big Science projects. Using a novel database of cross-sectional observations from seventy-six countries, this study finds evidence of a positive and statistically significant relationship between negative reciprocity and both time and risk preferences, namely patience and risk-taking. The science policy implication of this study is that a broader theory of clubs can guide meta-organizations in establishing, maintaining, or denying membership in Big Science projects based on the long-term orientation and reputation as a committed cooperator of a country.

中文翻译：

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为什么存在大科学项目？社会偏好的作用

最近的工作在大科学项目的决定因素中排除了社会文化因素。本文实证检验了四种不同的社会偏好衡量标准，即利他主义、信任、消极互惠和积极互惠，在增加维持大科学项目国际合作的可能性方面的作用。本研究使用来自 76 个国家的横截面观察的新数据库，发现负互惠与时间和风险偏好（即耐心和冒险）之间存在积极且具有统计学意义的关系的证据。这项研究的科学政策含义是，更广泛的俱乐部理论可以指导元组织建立、维护、