Feeling heard is critical to human flourishing—across domains, relationships are strengthened and individual well-being is enhanced when people feel listened to. High-quality conversational listening not only requires the cognitive processes of attention and processing, but also behavioral expression to communicate one's cognitive engagement to others. This need to behaviorally express listening introduces the possibility of deception. Listening can be expressed using non-verbal, paralinguistic, and verbal behaviors. However, recent work reveals that perceptions of conversational listening are often inaccurate—dishonest portrayals of listening often go undetected, while honest portrayals are sometimes mistaken for deception. This article will review work on listening, arguing that honest high-quality conversational listening is most effectively conveyed (and detected) using verbal expressions of listening, in part because these cues cannot be faked.

感觉被倾听对于人类的繁荣至关重要——跨领域，当人们感到被倾听时，人际关系会得到加强，个人幸福感也会得到提高。高质量的会话听力不仅需要注意力和加工的认知过程，还需要行为表达将自己的认知参与传达给他人。这种以行为方式表达倾听的需要引入了欺骗的可能性。听力可以用非语言、副语言和语言行为来表达。然而，最近的研究表明，对话式倾听的看法往往是不准确的——不诚实的倾听描述往往未被发现，而诚实的描述有时被误认为是欺骗。本文将回顾关于听力的工作，认为诚实的高质量对话听力最有效地传达（和检测）使用听力的口头表达，部分原因是这些线索不能伪造。