Herein, nickel oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with different routes were synthesized and used as HTLs for MAPbI₃-based PSCs. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), steady-state photoluminescence (PL) spectra, space-charge limited current (SCLC) model, water droplet contact angle and current voltage (I-V) measurements were used to investigate the characteristics of synthesized NiO_x, photovoltaic parameters and stability of constructed n-i-p perovskite solar cells. It was found that employing nickel chloride hexahydrate (NiCl₂·6H₂O) (labeled as NiCl₂) as Ni reagent in the synthesis process could be obtained more desirable NiO_x NPs for the HTL role in PSC devices. Results showed NiCl₂-based NiO_x HTL facilitates hole extraction to a gold electrode and suppresses electron-hole recombination rate in PSCs. NiCl₂-based NiO_x HTL brings a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.57% for PSCs, higher than HTL-free PSCs with a champion PCE of 6.78%. In addition, the stability of NiO_x-containing PSCs was considerably higher than that of a device without NiO_x HTL. NiCl₂-based PSC maintained 86% of its initial PCE after keeping in ambient air (25–40% RH) for 45 days, outperforming the control device that only retained ∼ 48% of its initial PCE after 25 days of the stability test. This work provides a deep understanding for efficiency and stability of the NiO_x based perovskite solar cells and an approach to improve the using of low-cost HTLs.

在此，合成了具有不同路线的氧化镍纳米颗粒（NPs），并将其用作基于 MAPbI ₃的 PSC 的 HTL。UV-Vis吸收光谱、X射线衍射（XRD）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、稳态光致发光（PL）光谱、空间电荷限制电流（SCLC）模型、水滴接触角和电流电压（ IV) 测量用于研究合成的 NiO _x的特性、光伏参数和构建的 nip 钙钛矿太阳能电池的稳定性。发现在合成过程中采用六水氯化镍(NiCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O)(记为NiCl ₂ )作为Ni试剂可以获得更理想的NiO _xPSC 设备中 HTL 角色的 NP。结果表明，基于 NiCl ₂的 NiO _x HTL 有助于将空穴提取到金电极并抑制 PSC 中的电子-空穴复合率。基于NiCl ₂的 NiO _x HTL 为 PSC 带来了 12.57% 的冠军功率转换效率 (PCE)，高于 6.78% 的冠军 PCE 的无 HTL 的 PSC。此外，含 NiO _x的 PSC 的稳定性明显高于不含 NiO _x HTL 的器件。氯化镍₂基于 PSC 的 PSC 在环境空气（25-40% RH）中保持 45 天后保持其初始 PCE 的 86%，优于在稳定性测试 25 天后仅保持其初始 PCE 约 48% 的控制装置。_{这项工作为 NiO x}基钙钛矿太阳能电池的效率和稳定性提供了深入的理解，并提供了一种改进低成本 HTL 使用的方法。