Proteoglycans consist of core proteins and one or more covalently-linked glycosaminoglycan chains. They are structurally complex and heterogeneous. Proteoglycans bind to cell surface receptors, cytokines, growth factors and have strong affinity for collagen fibrils. Together with their complex spatial structures and different charge densities, proteoglycans are directly or indirectly involved in biomineralization. The present review focused on the potential mechanisms of proteoglycans-mediated biomineralization. Topics covered include the ability of proteoglycans to influence the proliferation and differentiation of odontoblasts and osteoblasts through complex signaling pathways, as well as regulate the aggregation of collagen fibrils and mineral deposition. The functions of proteoglycans in mineralization regulation and biomimetic properties render them important components in bone tissue engineering. Hence, the integrated impact of proteoglycans on bone formation was also succinctly deliberated. The potential of proteoglycans to function therapeutic targets for relieving the symptoms of ectopic mineralization and mineralization defects was also comprehensively addressed.

蛋白聚糖由核心蛋白和一个或多个共价连接的糖胺聚糖链组成。它们结构复杂且异质。蛋白聚糖与细胞表面受体、细胞因子、生长因子结合，对胶原原纤维有很强的亲和力。连同其复杂的空间结构和不同的电荷密度，蛋白聚糖直接或间接参与生物矿化。本综述侧重于蛋白多糖介导的生物矿化的潜在机制。涵盖的主题包括蛋白聚糖通过复杂的信号通路影响成牙本质细胞和成骨细胞的增殖和分化，以及调节胶原原纤维的聚集和矿物质沉积的能力。蛋白聚糖在矿化调节和仿生特性方面的功能使其成为骨组织工程中的重要组成部分。因此，蛋白多糖对骨形成的综合影响也得到了简洁的考虑。还全面探讨了蛋白多糖作为治疗靶点的潜力，以缓解异位矿化和矿化缺陷的症状。