The current climate emergency has already impacted life on Earth with increasingly extreme, prolonged, and frequent weather events. One of the most critical consequences is the progressive desertification of lands, leading to a scarcity of safe and sustainably sourced freshwater supplies. Water availability is entwined with regional economic and social benefits, as well as environmental and ecosystem security. Today, about 4.5 billion people have inadequate access to clean water, pushing to find alternative solutions for providing safe water to all. Localized atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) may represent an economical and efficient alternative, and some case studies already demonstrate its small-scale viability. Nonetheless, its large-scale applicability in urban environments and its related impacts and barriers are significantly under-explored.

This paper proposes a systematic review of the main AWH technologies from the literature. It evaluates their potential for application on building façade components by identifying the technology readiness level (TRL) and undertaking a Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) analysis. Results indicate that the currently available technologies, despite their infancy on the TRL scale, offer significant potential for application at the building scale. Future research should investigate the boundary conditions necessary for AWH technologies to work in urban environments to identify a roadmap for large-scale uptake from the construction industry.

当前的气候紧急情况已经影响了地球上的生命，天气事件越来越极端、持久和频繁。最严重的后果之一是土地逐渐荒漠化，导致安全和可持续来源的淡水供应短缺。水资源的可用性与区域经济和社会效益以及环境和生态系统安全息息相关。今天，大约 45 亿人无法获得足够的清洁水，他们正在努力寻找替代解决方案来为所有人提供安全的水。局部大气集水（AWH）可能是一种经济有效的替代方案，一些案例研究已经证明了它的小规模可行性。尽管如此，它在城市环境中的大规模适用性及其相关影响和障碍还没有得到充分探索。

本文对文献中的主要 AWH 技术进行了系统评价。它通过确定技术准备水平 (TRL) 并进行优势-劣势-机会-威胁 (SWOT) 分析来评估它们在建筑外墙组件中的应用潜力。结果表明，目前可用的技术尽管在 TRL 规模上还处于起步阶段，但在建筑规模上具有巨大的应用潜力。未来的研究应该调查 AWH 技术在城市环境中工作所需的边界条件，以确定从建筑行业大规模采用的路线图。