The economic performance, through wildlife tourism, of African protected areas (PAs) varies widely. Though proximal management level factors responsible for economic performance and conservation outcomes are well known, underlying institutional, governance and organizational factors, which influence management regimes, have not been as extensively studied. In this paper, an institutional-economic framework forms the basis of a cross-sectional comparison of the local economic contributions of state, private, and communal PAs of the Lower Luangwa Valley in the institutionally centralized country of Zambia, and of the Greater Kruger National Park system in the institutionally devolved country of South Africa. Whereas in South Africa, private reserves neighboring the national park generate the majority of economic benefits, in Zambia, wildlife-related benefits from private and communal PAs are few relative to the neighboring national park. The contrast underscores the role of property regimes and other policies in the economic integration of public parks with surrounding landscapes. From an organizational and governance perspective, the performance of state-managed parks in both settings is tied to an ability to retain revenue, while the performance of co-governed PAs is undermined by power inequities between governing partners. These observations and their implications for policy reform are made clearer through the systematic collection and analysis of PA economic data, which our framework can guide.

通过野生动物旅游，非洲保护区 (PA) 的经济表现差异很大。尽管负责经济绩效和保护结果的近端管理水平因素是众所周知的，但基本的制度、治理影响管理制度的组织因素和组织因素尚未得到广泛研究。在本文中，制度经济框架构成了对制度集中的赞比亚下卢安瓜河谷的国家、私人和公共保护区和大克鲁格国家的地方经济贡献进行横断面比较的基础。南非制度下放国家的公园系统。在南非，国家公园附近的私人保护区产生了大部分经济利益，而在赞比亚，私人和公共保护区与野生动物相关的利益相对于邻近的国家公园而言很少。这种对比强调了财产制度和其他政策在公园与周围景观经济一体化中的作用。从组织和治理的角度来看，两种环境下国家管理公园的绩效都与保留收入的能力有关，而共同治理的保护区的绩效则受到治理合作伙伴之间权力不平等的破坏。通过我们的框架可以指导的 PA 经济数据的系统收集和分析，这些观察及其对政策改革的影响变得更加清晰。