Dynamic insulation is a promising approach that allows the heat transmission rate through building envelopes to vary in a controlled manner over time. Dynamic insulation's primary function is to change the transmissivity of the building envelope according to the actual outdoor conditions. It is applicable in almost any climate condition. The fundamental contribution of this review paper is to collect and assess available literature on this topic for different dynamic insulation structures. Therefore, this article classifies the background of dynamic (active) insulation and offers a comparative investigation of the various mathematical models, experimental studies, and numerical simulations based on the historical evolution of thermal insulating strategies over time.

Several existing structures for dynamic insulation realised by airflow were categorised based on the construction type, examined parameters, and investigation approaches. Some literature results revealed that low heat loss (U < 0.1) down to practically zero could be achieved by employing a dynamic insulation air type. Moreover, the associated energy savings could reach more than 40% compared to building envelopes with a static insulation alternative. The proposed evaluation will provide basic knowledge about the development and capabilities of dynamic insulation using air and identify potential research areas to pursue.

动态绝缘是一种很有前途的方法，它允许通过建筑围护结构的热传递率随时间以受控方式 变化。动态绝缘的主要功能是根据室外实际情况改变建筑围护结构的透光率。它几乎适用于任何气候条件。这篇评论论文的基本贡献是收集和评估关于这个主题的不同动态绝缘结构的可用文献。因此，本文对动态（主动）隔热的背景进行分类，并根据隔热策略随时间的历史演变，对各种数学模型、实验研究和数值模拟进行比较研究 。 

根据结构类型、检查参数和调查方法，对几种现有的通过气流实现的动态绝缘结构进行了分类。一些文献结果表明，通过采用动态绝缘空气类型，可以实现低至几乎为零的热损失 (U < 0.1)。此外，与采用静态绝缘替代方案的建筑围护结构相比，相关的节能可达到 40% 以上。拟议的评估将提供有关使用空气进行动态绝缘的开发和能力的基本知识，并确定潜在的研究领域。