Productivity demands, time pressure, and cognitively demanding construction tasks increase workers' arousal and stress; however, it is not clear how these factors may worsen risk compensation effects and lead to unanticipated hazards. This paper examined the extent to which limited time and increased mental load amplify the risk compensatory behavior of workers. Using an immersive mixed-reality environment to simulate an electrical construction task, this paper applied a promising neuroimaging approach (functional near-infrared spectroscopy- fNIRS) to study changes in individuals' cognitive responses and decision dynamics under normal and stressful conditions. The results showed that workers failed to process surrounding information due to limited cognitive resources, and misperceived potential risks under time pressure and increased mental demand. These cognitive failures then led to increased overreliance on safety protections and at-risk decisions, and decreased safety performance. This paper offers valuable insights into the potential neural mechanism driving risk-taking and risk compensatory behaviors and the importance of counteracting risk compensation bias in the construction industry.

生产力要求、时间压力和认知要求高的施工任务会增加工人的觉醒和压力；但是，尚不清楚这些因素如何会恶化风险补偿效果并导致意外危害。本文研究了有限的时间和增加的精神负担在多大程度上放大了工人的风险补偿行为。本文使用沉浸式混合现实环境来模拟电气构造任务，应用一种有前途的神经成像方法（功能近红外光谱-fNIRS）来研究在正常和压力条件下个体认知反应和决策动态的变化。结果表明，由于认知资源有限，工人无法处理周围的信息，在时间压力和精神需求增加的情况下误解了潜在风险。然后，这些认知失败导致对安全保护和风险决策的过度依赖增加，并降低了安全绩效。本文对驱动冒险和风险补偿行为的潜在神经机制以及在建筑行业中抵消风险补偿偏差的重要性提供了宝贵的见解。