Climate change scenarios predict an increased occurrence of droughts and heatwaves, as well as extreme rainfall events in Central Europe. Alley cropping, which is the inclusion of rows of trees and shrubs in agricultural land, could enhance the resilience of cropping systems, as these systems are expected to positively modify the microclimate and water balance of croplands. This review analyses the effect of alley cropping on the microclimate and water balance, based on the available evidence from temperate alley cropping systems. Within alley cropping systems, the tree rows generate gradients in microclimatic variables, whereby strongest effects are observed in or close to the tree rows. Field-scale studies on light intensity (n=20), wind speed (n=4) and surface runoff (n=3) all reported a reduction compared to sole cropping systems. Effects on air temperature (n=10), relative humidity (n=5) and evapotranspiration (n=6) varied among studies, with the majority reporting a decrease in daytime temperatures (50% of studies), variable effects on relative humidity (60%) and an increase in evapotranspiration (50%) due to higher evapotranspiration by trees. Highest variation among studies was found for soil moisture, with 41% of studies reporting temporal and spatial differences within the system. This variation among studies likely depends on the purpose of the trees (short rotation coppice vs. fruit and/or timber trees) and design of the system. Also site context, such as topography, landscape diversity and climate, could play a role, but these factors are rarely taken into account. Only few studies investigated landscape-scale effects (n=3), such as groundwater recharge and moisture recycling. Future research should investigate the role of site context in the functioning of alley cropping systems and quantify landscape-scale effects. The process understanding gained from those studies will contribute to designing alley cropping systems that enhance the climate change resilience of current central European cropping systems.

气候变化情景预测中欧干旱和热浪以及极端降雨事件的发生率增加。胡同种植，即在农田中种植成排的树木和灌木，可以增强种植系统的复原力，因为这些系统有望积极改变农田的小气候和水平衡。本综述根据温带胡同种植系统的现有证据分析胡同种植对小气候和水平衡的影响。在胡同种植系统中，树行在小气候变量中产生梯度，从而在树行中或附近观察到最强的影响。对光强度 ( n =20)、风速 ( n =4) 和地表径流 (n =3) 与单一种植系统相比，都报告了减少。对气温 ( n =10)、相对湿度 ( n =5) 和蒸散量 ( n ) 的影响=6) 因研究而异，大多数研究报告白天温度下降（50% 的研究），对相对湿度的不同影响（60%）和由于树木蒸发量增加导致的蒸发量增加（50%）。研究中发现土壤水分差异最大，41% 的研究报告了系统内的时间和空间差异。研究之间的这种差异可能取决于树木的用途（短轮灌木与果树和/或木材树）和系统的设计。地形、景观多样性和气候等场地环境也可能发挥作用，但这些因素很少被考虑在内。只有少数研究调查了景观尺度效应（n=3），例如地下水补给和水分回收。未来的研究应该调查场地环境在小巷种植系统运作中的作用，并量化景观尺度效应。从这些研究中获得的过程理解将有助于设计胡同种植系统，以增强当前中欧种植系统对气候变化的适应能力。