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Multilayers of Renewable Nanostructured Materials with High Oxygen and Water Vapor Barriers for Food Packaging
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-21 , DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07579 Eva Pasquier 1, 2 , Bruno D Mattos 2 , Hanna Koivula 3 , Alexey Khakalo 4 , Mohamed Naceur Belgacem 1, 5 , Orlando J Rojas 2, 6 , Julien Bras 1
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-21 , DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07579 Eva Pasquier 1, 2 , Bruno D Mattos 2 , Hanna Koivula 3 , Alexey Khakalo 4 , Mohamed Naceur Belgacem 1, 5 , Orlando J Rojas 2, 6 , Julien Bras 1
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Natural biopolymers have become key players in the preparation of biodegradable food packaging. However, biopolymers are typically highly hydrophilic, which imposes limitations in terms of barrier properties that are associated with water interactions. Here, we enhance the barrier properties of biobased packaging using multilayer designs, in which each layer displays a complementary barrier function. Oxygen, water vapor, and UV barriers were achieved using a stepwise assembly of cellulose nanofibers, biobased wax, and lignin particles supported by chitin nanofibers. We first engineered several designs containing CNFs and carnauba wax. Among them, we obtained low water vapor permeabilities in an assembly containing three layers, i.e., CNF/wax/CNF, in which wax was present as a continuous layer. We then incorporated a layer of lignin nanoparticles nucleated on chitin nanofibrils (LPChNF) to introduce a complete barrier against UV light, while maintaining film translucency. Our multilayer design which comprised CNF/wax/LPChNF enabled high oxygen (OTR of 3 ± 1 cm3/m2·day) and water vapor (WVTR of 6 ± 1 g/m2·day) barriers at 50% relative humidity. It was also effective against oil penetration. Oxygen permeability was controlled by the presence of tight networks of cellulose and chitin nanofibers, while water vapor diffusion through the assembly was regulated by the continuous wax layer. Lastly, we showcased our fully renewable packaging material for preservation of the texture of a commercial cracker (dry food). Our material showed functionality similar to that of the original packaging, which was composed of synthetic polymers.
中文翻译：
用于食品包装的多层可再生纳米结构材料，具有高氧气和水蒸气屏障
天然生物聚合物已成为制备可生物降解食品包装的关键角色。然而，生物聚合物通常是高度亲水的，这在与水相互作用相关的阻隔性能方面施加了限制。在这里，我们使用多层设计增强了生物基包装的阻隔性能，其中每一层都显示出互补的阻隔功能。使用由几丁质纳米纤维支持的纤维素纳米纤维、生物基蜡和木质素颗粒的逐步组装实现了氧气、水蒸气和紫外线屏障。我们首先设计了几种包含 CNF 和巴西棕榈蜡的设计。其中，我们在包含三层的组件中获得了低水蒸气渗透率，即 CNF/蜡/CNF，其中蜡作为连续层存在。然后，我们在几丁质纳米原纤维 (LPChNF) 上加入一层成核的木质素纳米颗粒，以引入对紫外线的完整屏障，同时保持薄膜的半透明性。我们的多层设计包含 CNF/wax/LPChNF，可实现高氧（OTR 为 3 ± 1 cm3 /m 2 ·天）和水蒸气（WVTR 为 6 ± 1 g/m 2 ·天）在 50% 相对湿度下的屏障。它还能有效防止油渗透。透氧性由纤维素和几丁质纳米纤维的紧密网络控制，而通过组件的水蒸气扩散由连续的蜡层调节。最后，我们展示了我们完全可再生的包装材料，用于保存商业饼干（干食品）的质地。我们的材料显示出与由合成聚合物组成的原始包装类似的功能。
更新日期：2022-06-21
中文翻译：
用于食品包装的多层可再生纳米结构材料，具有高氧气和水蒸气屏障
天然生物聚合物已成为制备可生物降解食品包装的关键角色。然而，生物聚合物通常是高度亲水的，这在与水相互作用相关的阻隔性能方面施加了限制。在这里，我们使用多层设计增强了生物基包装的阻隔性能，其中每一层都显示出互补的阻隔功能。使用由几丁质纳米纤维支持的纤维素纳米纤维、生物基蜡和木质素颗粒的逐步组装实现了氧气、水蒸气和紫外线屏障。我们首先设计了几种包含 CNF 和巴西棕榈蜡的设计。其中，我们在包含三层的组件中获得了低水蒸气渗透率，即 CNF/蜡/CNF，其中蜡作为连续层存在。然后，我们在几丁质纳米原纤维 (LPChNF) 上加入一层成核的木质素纳米颗粒，以引入对紫外线的完整屏障，同时保持薄膜的半透明性。我们的多层设计包含 CNF/wax/LPChNF，可实现高氧（OTR 为 3 ± 1 cm3 /m 2 ·天）和水蒸气（WVTR 为 6 ± 1 g/m 2 ·天）在 50% 相对湿度下的屏障。它还能有效防止油渗透。透氧性由纤维素和几丁质纳米纤维的紧密网络控制，而通过组件的水蒸气扩散由连续的蜡层调节。最后，我们展示了我们完全可再生的包装材料，用于保存商业饼干（干食品）的质地。我们的材料显示出与由合成聚合物组成的原始包装类似的功能。
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