Abstract

Non-clinical depression is a major issue on college campuses, with some surveys estimating that 30% of college students have experienced a major depressive episode. One theoretical framework of depression is Zimbardo and Boyd (1999 Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (1999). Putting time in perspective: A valid, reliable individual-differences metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1271–1288. [Database] https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1271[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) time perspective model, which posits that our perspectives on time impact different aspects of life including our emotions, judgments, and decision making. The current study seeks to determine the role of this time perspectives model and a range of cognitive constructs including hope, rumination, and working memory on their influence in depression. Currently enrolled college students and participants not currently enrolled in college completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, the Adult Hope Scale, the Rumination Reflection Questionnaire, and the Automated Working Memory Assessment. Linear regression analysis revealed that, for the college students, Rumination and Past Negative scores predicted depressive symptoms. For the non-college students, Rumination, Present Fatalism, Hope Agency and Verbal Working Memory scores predicted depressive symptoms. The current results reiterate the importance of rumination in depression symptomology and that current cognitive depression models and treatments may benefit from including time perspective measures. Further implications of the results are discussed.

摘要

非临床抑郁症是大学校园的一个主要问题，一些调查估计 30% 的大学生经历过严重的抑郁症。抑郁症的一个理论框架是 Zimbardo 和 Boyd ( 1999 PG津巴多和JN博伊德（1999 年）。正确看待时间：有效、可靠的个体差异指标。人格与社会心理学杂志, 77 (6), 1271 – 1288。[数据库] https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1271 [Crossref]、[Web of Science®]  、[Google Scholar]) 时间透视模型，它假定我们对时间的看法会影响生活的不同方面，包括我们的情绪、判断和决策。目前的研究旨在确定这种时间视角模型和一系列认知结构（包括希望、反刍和工作记忆）对抑郁症影响的作用。目前注册的大学生和目前未注册的参与者完成了流行病学研究中心抑郁量表、津巴多时间透视量表、成人希望量表、反刍反思问卷和自动工作记忆评估。线性回归分析显示，对于大学生来说，反刍和过去的负面分数预测抑郁症状。对于非大学生，反刍，现在的宿命论，希望机构和语言工作记忆分数预测抑郁症状。目前的结果重申了沉思在抑郁症症状学中的重要性，并且当前的认知抑郁症模型和治疗可能受益于包括时间视角测量。讨论了结果的进一步影响。