Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) is an attractive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminophore. However, g-CN with wavelength-tunable ECL emission is still limited, which limits its application in multicolor ECL sensing and imaging analysis. In this study, porous g-CN (PCN) with nitrogen defects was synthesized through the condensation of melamine by using o-fluorobenzoic acid (o-FBA) as an effective regulation reagent. A series of PCNs, including PCN-5%, PCN-10%, and PCN-30%, were obtained by changing the mass ratio of o-FBA and melamine. The porous structure and tunable chemical composition change of the PCNs were carefully characterized. The nitrogen defects and porous structure of the synthesized PCNs can enlarge the specific surface area, facilitate electron transfer, and generate various surface states with gradually changed energy bands, leading to wavelength-tunable multicolor ECL emissions. Accordingly, g-CN, PCN-5%, PCN-10%, and PCN-30% can generate navy blue, turquoise blue, turquoise green, and olive green ECL emissions, respectively, with the peak ECL wavelength varied from 465 to 550 nm. Then, a multicolor ECL sensing array was proposed for the discrimination of polyphenols based on the prepared g-CN and PCNs by using a smartphone as a portable detector for the first time. Five polyphenol substances including vitamin P, resveratrol, phloretin, phlorizin, and caffeic acid were discriminated by using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. The present work provides a simple strategy to adjust the ECL wavelength of g-CN and presents a simple way to fabricate multicolor ECL sensing array, which has great application potential for multiplexed analysis and multicolor ECL imaging sensing.

中文翻译：

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邻氟苯甲酸介导构建具有氮缺陷的多孔石墨碳氮化物用于多色电化学发光成像传感

石墨氮化碳 (g-CN) 是一种极具吸引力的电化学发光 (ECL) 发光体。然而，具有波长可调ECL发射的g-CN仍然受到限制，这限制了其在多色ECL传感和成像分析中的应用。本研究以邻氟苯甲酸(o-FBA)为有效调控试剂，通过三聚氰胺缩合合成了含氮缺陷的多孔g-CN ( PCN )。通过改变o的质量比，得到了一系列PCN，包括PCN-5%、PCN-10%和PCN-30%。-FBA 和三聚氰胺。PCN 的多孔结构和可调的化学成分变化得到了仔细的表征。合成的 PCNs 的氮缺陷和多孔结构可以扩大比表面积，促进电子转移，并产生各种能带逐渐变化的表面态，从而导致波长可调的多色 ECL 发射。因此，g-CN、PCN-5%、PCN-10%和PCN-30%分别可以产生海军蓝、翠蓝、松石绿和橄榄绿ECL发射，ECL峰值波长在465到550之间变化纳米。然后，首次使用智能手机作为便携式检测器，基于制备的 g-CN 和 PCN，提出了一种多色 ECL 传感阵列用于多酚的鉴别。维生素P、白藜芦醇、根皮素等五种多酚物质，通过主成分分析和层次聚类分析来区分根皮苷和咖啡酸。目前的工作提供了一种简单的策略来调整 g-CN 的 ECL 波长，并提出了一种制造多色 ECL 传感阵列的简单方法，这在多重分析和多色 ECL 成像传感方面具有巨大的应用潜力。