Abstract

A marked increase in food production is necessary if the World Health Assembly goal of ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030 is to be achieved. To this end, aquaculture plays a major role, but it could play an even more prominent role at least in some areas, especially Africa. There is a need to further develop aquaculture because harvesting from natural populations of potential food-species is not sustainable. At the same time aquaculture may also have some negative environmental and public health effects. Environmental effects are primarily due to eutrophication of natural habitats. Negative health effects are related to the potential presence of chemical residuals (medicine residuals or heavy metals from feed), pathogens or parasites in the final product. In Africa, there is a special concern that aquaculture facilities could contribute to increased transmission of schistosomes. Aquaculture development and the possible problems and their mitigation are discussed. The possible integration of mini-livestock with aquaculture is considered.

摘要

如果要实现世界卫生大会关于到 2030 年消除一切形式的世界饥饿和营养不良的目标，就必须显着增加粮食产量。为此，水产养殖发挥了重要作用，但至少在某些地区，尤其是非洲，它可以发挥更加突出的作用。有必要进一步发展水产养殖，因为从潜在食物物​​种的自然种群中捕捞是不可持续的。同时，水产养殖也可能对环境和公共卫生产生一些负面影响。环境影响主要是由于自然栖息地的富营养化。负面健康影响与最终产品中可能存在的化学残留物（药物残留物或饲料中的重金属）、病原体或寄生虫有关。在非洲，尤其令人担忧的是，水产养殖设施可能有助于增加血吸虫的传播。讨论了水产养殖发展和可能出现的问题及其缓解措施。考虑了小型畜牧业与水产养殖的可能整合。