Do individuals previously targeted by genocide become more supportive of other victimized groups? How are these political lessons internalized and passed down across generations? To answer these questions, the authors leverage original survey data collected among Holocaust survivors in the United States and their descendants, Jews with no immediate family connection to the Holocaust, and non-Jewish Americans. They find that historical victimization is associated with increased support for vulnerable out-groups, generating stable political attitudes that endure across generations. Holocaust survivors are most supportive of aiding refugees, followed by descendants, especially those who grew up discussing the Holocaust with their survivor relatives. An embedded experiment demonstrates the steadfastness of these attitudes: unlike non-Jews or Jews without survivor relatives, survivors’ and descendants’ views toward refugees do not change after reading an in-group versus out-group–protective interpretation of the “never again” imperative. Histories of victimization can play an ameliorative role in intergroup relations.

以前被种族灭绝作为目标的个人是否会更加支持其他受害群体？这些政治教训是如何内化并代代相传的？为了回答这些问题，作者利用了在美国大屠杀幸存者及其后代、与大屠杀没有直系亲属关系的犹太人以及非犹太裔美国人中收集的原始调查数据。他们发现，历史上的受害与增加对弱势群体的支持有关，从而产生了代代相传的稳定政治态度。大屠杀幸存者最支持帮助难民，其次是后代，尤其是那些从小与幸存者亲属讨论大屠杀的人。嵌入式实验证明了这些态度的坚定性：与非犹太人或没有幸存者亲属的犹太人不同，幸存者和后代对难民的看法在阅读了对“永远不再”命令的内群体与外群体的保护性解释后并没有改变。受害历史可以在群体间关系中起到改善作用。