To realize the efficient, economical and stable operation of vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) in a microgrid containing a high proportion of renewable energy, a coupling calculation model is constructed and a configuration optimized design method is proposed in this paper. First, the coupling calculation model involving the fluid mechanics model and electrochemistry model is established to obtain the real-time efficiency of VRB. Second, an economic model of VRB is constructed considering the investment costs, operation costs, economic benefits and renewable energy utilization. Finally, a configuration optimized design method based on typical load and real-time efficiency is further proposed to cope with practical application scenarios. Two different objectives, including the lowest average daily cost and the lowest renewable energy curtailment, are selected in the method. The results are presented as follows. First, the energy efficiency of the battery is increased from 76.90% to 80.45% with the increase of electrolyte flow rate. With the optimal selection of porous electrode porosity, the merit energy efficiency and system efficiency are presented. Better VRB performance can be obtained at the electrolyte flow rate of 120 ml/min and the porous electrode porosity of 0.93. Second, the novel proposed configuration design method can be implied to improve the renewable energy consumption capacity while ensuring system economics. Finally, with the lowest average daily cost as the objective, the optimal configuration of VRB is 891 kW and 7344 kWh, respectively, while the time average efficiency is 79.26%. The total amounts of renewable energy curtailment in one day decreases from 12,380 kWh to 6,281 kWh. At the same time, the power supply quality is significantly improved after accessing various distributed energy sources to the microgrid.

为实现钒液流电池（VRB）在高比例可再生能源微电网中的高效、经济、稳定运行，本文构建了耦合计算模型，提出了配置优化设计方法。首先，建立涉及流体力学模型和电化学模型的耦合计算模型，以获得VRB的实时效率。其次，综合考虑投资成本、运行成本、经济效益和可再生能源利用等因素，构建了VRB的经济模型。最后，针对实际应用场景，进一步提出了一种基于典型负载和实时效率的配置优化设计方法。两个不同的目标，包括最低的平均每日成本和最低的可再生能源弃电，在方法中选择。结果如下所示。首先，随着电解液流量的增加，电池的能量效率从76.90%提高到80.45%。通过对多孔电极孔隙率的优化选择，提出了能量效率和系统效率的优点。在电解液流速为 120 ml/min 和多孔电极孔隙率为 0.93 时可以获得更好的 VRB 性能。其次，新提出的配置设计方法可以在保证系统经济性的同时提高可再生能源的消耗能力。最后，以最低日均成本为目标，VRB的最优配置分别为891 kW和7344 kWh，时间平均效率为79.26%。一天之内可再生能源弃电总量由12次减少，380 千瓦时至 6,281 千瓦时。同时，将各种分布式能源接入微电网后，供电质量显着提高。