Decentralised renewable energy production in the form of fuels or electricity can have large scale deployment in future energy systems, but the feasibility needs to be assessed. The novelty of this paper is in the design and implementation of a mixed integer linear programming optimisation model to minimise the net present cost of decentralised hydrogen production for different energy demands on neighbourhood urban scale, while simultaneously adhering to European Union targets on greenhouse gas emission reductions. The energy system configurations optimised were assumed to possibly consist of a variable number or size of wind turbines, solar photovoltaics, grey grid electricity usage, battery storage, electrolyser, and hydrogen storage. The demands served are hydrogen for heating and mobility, and electricity for the households. A hydrogen residential heating project currently being developed in Hoogeveen, The Netherlands, served as a case study. Six scenarios were compared, each taking one or multiple energy demand services into question. For each scenario the levelised cost of hydrogen was calculated. The lowest levelised cost of hydrogen was found for the combined heating and mobility scenario: 8.36 € kg⁻¹ for heating and 9.83 € kg⁻¹ for mobility. The results support potential cost reductions of combined demand patterns of different energy services. A sensitivity analysis showed a strong influence of electrolyser efficiency, wind turbine parameters, and emission reduction factor on levelised cost. Wind energy was strongly preferred because of the lower cost and the low greenhouse gas emissions, compared to solar photovoltaics and grid electricity. Increasing electrolyser efficiency and greenhouse gas emission reduction of the used technologies deserve further research.

燃料或电力形式的分散式可再生能源生产可以在未来的能源系统中大规模部署，但需要评估可行性。本文的新颖之处在于设计和实施混合整数线性规划优化模型，以最大限度地减少针对社区城市规模不同能源需求的分散制氢的当前净成本，同时遵守欧盟温室气体减排目标. 假设优化的能源系统配置可能包括可变数量或大小的风力涡轮机、太阳能光伏、灰色电网电力使用、电池存储、电解槽和氢存储。满足的需求是用于供暖和移动的氢气，以及用于家庭的电力。目前正在荷兰胡赫芬开发的氢住宅供暖项目作为案例研究。比较了六种情景，每种情景都对一项或多项能源需求服务提出质疑。对于每种情况，都计算了氢气的平准化成本。在供热和交通相结合的情况下，氢气的平均化成本最低：8.36 € kg^-1用于加热，9.83 € kg ^-1用于移动性。结果支持不同能源服务的组合需求模式的潜在成本降低。敏感性分析表明电解槽效率、风力涡轮机参数和减排因子对平准化成本有很大影响。与太阳能光伏发电和电网电力相比，风能因其成本更低、温室气体排放量低而受到强烈青睐。提高电解槽效率和减少所用技术的温室气体排放值得进一步研究。