Golden threadfin bream (Nemipterus virgatus) has become the second-largest surimi processing resource, but little is known about its lipidomics profiles. A comprehensive lipidomics analysis of golden threadfin bream and its by-products was performed. The results showed that golden threadfin bream contained high levels of phospholipid (4.54%–13.13% of total lipids), saccharolipid (5.22%–18.68%), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 11.07–21.54% of total fatty acids), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 3.89–5.29%) and arachidonic acid (ARA, 2.36–3.64%). DHA tended to concentrate more on phospholipid than triacylglycerol and other lipid classes. Interestingly, DHA was mainly bonded to the sn-2 position of triacylglycerol and sn-1 position of phospholipid. Additionally, 1400 lipid molecular species belonging to 28 subclasses were identified by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography equipped with quadrupole-exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS), and glycerolipid was the dominant lipid class. Glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid in fish head and viscera were relatively higher than muscle and skin. Furthermore, the chemometric models were used to differentiate and evaluate the four tissues, and 57 potential lipid biomarkers were screened. Hence, this study will contribute to comprehensively assess the nutritional value of golden threadfin bream and facilitate the high-value utilization of its by-products.

金丝鲂 ( Nemipterus virgatus) 已成为第二大鱼糜加工资源，但对其脂质组学特征知之甚少。对金鱼鲷及其副产品进行了全面的脂质组学分析。结果表明，金丝鳅含有高水平的磷脂（占总脂质的4.54%~13.13%）、糖脂（5.22%~18.68%）、二十二碳六烯酸（DHA，占总脂肪酸的11.07~21.54%）、二十碳五烯酸（ EPA, 3.89–5.29%) 和花生四烯酸 (ARA, 2.36–3.64%)。与三酰基甘油和其他脂质类别相比，DHA 倾向于更多地集中在磷脂上。有趣的是，DHA 主要与三酰基甘油的 sn-2 位和磷脂的 sn-1 位结合。此外，通过配备四极杆-exactive Orbitrap质谱仪（UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS）的超高效液相色谱法鉴定了属于28个亚类的1400个脂质分子种类，其中甘油脂是主要的脂质类别。鱼头和内脏中的甘油磷脂和鞘脂相对高于肌肉和皮肤。此外，化学计量学模型用于区分和评估四种组织，筛选出57个潜在的脂质生物标志物。因此，本研究将有助于全面评估鲷鱼的营养价值，促进其副产品的高价值利用。鱼头和内脏中的甘油磷脂和鞘脂相对高于肌肉和皮肤。此外，化学计量学模型用于区分和评估四种组织，筛选出57个潜在的脂质生物标志物。因此，本研究将有助于全面评估鲷鱼的营养价值，促进其副产品的高价值利用。鱼头和内脏中的甘油磷脂和鞘脂相对高于肌肉和皮肤。此外，化学计量学模型用于区分和评估四种组织，筛选出57个潜在的脂质生物标志物。因此，本研究将有助于全面评估鲷鱼的营养价值，促进其副产品的高价值利用。