Seed-assisted growth is an effective way to achieve high-quality perovskite active layers for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, it is still challenging for conventional seed layers to realize the synergistic effect of the perovskite crystallization control and defect passivation without hindering the charge extraction and light absorption. Here, a self-sacrifice alkali acetate seed layer is employed at the buried perovskite interface to assist a vertical bottom–top growth of the high-quality perovskite film. Meanwhile, the dissolved alkali and acetate ions can diffuse into the perovskite layer, providing an efficient defect passivation and a favorable interfacial energy band alignment at both electron- and hole-selective contacts. As a result, these favorable synergistic effects enable the fabrication of a 21.69 % efficient PSC with a boosted fill factor of 83.33 % and enhanced long-term stability. Moreover, the optimized semitransparent perovskite solar cell (ST-PSC) achieves a certified efficiency of 19.28 %, the highest reported for p–i–n typed ST-PSCs. Combining the ST-PSC with a silicon bottom cell, the four-terminal perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell reaches a record efficiency of 28.28 %.

种子辅助生长是获得高质量钙钛矿活性层以实现高效稳定的钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的有效方法。然而，传统的种子层在不阻碍电荷提取和光吸收的情况下实现钙钛矿结晶控制和缺陷钝化的协同效应仍然具有挑战性。在这里，在掩埋的钙钛矿界面处采用了自我牺牲的碱金属醋酸盐种子层，以帮助高质量钙钛矿薄膜的垂直自下而上生长。同时，溶解的碱离子和乙酸根离子可以扩散到钙钛矿层中，从而在电子和空穴选择性接触处提供有效的缺陷钝化和良好的界面能带排列。因此，这些有利的协同效应使 21 的制造成为可能。PSC 效率为 69 %，填充因子提高到 83.33 %，并增强了长期稳定性。此外，经过优化的半透明钙钛矿太阳能电池 (ST-PSC) 的认证效率达到 19.28%，是目前报道的最高效率。p – i – n类型的 ST-PSC。将 ST-PSC 与硅底电池相结合，四端钙钛矿/硅串联太阳能电池的效率达到了创纪录的 28.28%。