Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are being studied and developed because of the outstanding properties of halide perovskites as photovoltaic materials and high conversion efficiencies achieved with the best PSCs. However, leaching out of lead (Pb) ions into the environment presents potential public health risks. We show that thiol-functionalized nanoparticles provide an economic way of minimizing Pb leaching in the case of PSC module damage and subsequent water exposure (at most, ∼2.5% of today’s crystal silicon solar panel production cost per square meter). Using commercial materials and methods, we retain ∼90% of Pb without degrading the photovoltaic performance of the cells, compared with nonencapsulated devices, yielding a worst-case scenario of top-soil pollution below natural Pb levels and well below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency limits.

中文翻译：

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使用低成本含硫醇封装剂从卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池中螯合铅

钙钛矿太阳能电池 (PSC) 正在研究和开发中，因为卤化物钙钛矿作为光伏材料具有出色的性能，并且最好的 PSC 可实现高转换效率。然而，铅 (Pb) 离子浸出到环境中会带来潜在的公共健康风险。我们表明，在 PSC 模块损坏和随后的水暴露的情况下，硫醇功能化的纳米粒子提供了一种经济的方法来最大限度地减少 Pb 浸出（最多占当今每平方米晶体硅太阳能电池板生产成本的 2.5%）。与非封装设备相比，我们使用商业材料和方法，在不降低电池光伏性能的情况下保留了约 90% 的铅，从而产生了低于天然铅水平且远低于美国的表层土壤污染的最坏情况