Long-Term Exposure to Source-Specific Fine Particles and Mortality─A Pooled Analysis of 14 European Cohorts within the ELAPSE Project,Environmental Science & Technology

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Long-Term Exposure to Source-Specific Fine Particles and Mortality─A Pooled Analysis of 14 European Cohorts within the ELAPSE Project
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01912
Jie Chen ₁ , Gerard Hoek ₁ , Kees de Hoogh _{2,

3} , Sophia Rodopoulou ₄ , Zorana J Andersen ₅ , Tom Bellander _{6,

7} , Jørgen Brandt _{8,

9} , Daniela Fecht ₁₀ , Francesco Forastiere _{11,

12} , John Gulliver _{10,

13} , Ole Hertel ₁₄ , Barbara Hoffmann ₁₅ , Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt ₁₆ , W M Monique Verschuren _{17,

18} , Karl-Heinz Jöckel ₁₉ , Jeanette T Jørgensen ₅ , Klea Katsouyanni _{4,

12} , Matthias Ketzel _{8,

20} , Diego Yacamán Méndez _{21,

22} , Karin Leander ₆ , Shuo Liu ₅ , Petter Ljungman _{6,

23} , Elodie Faure ₂₄ , Patrik K E Magnusson ₂₅ , Gabriele Nagel ₂₆ , Göran Pershagen _{6,

7} , Annette Peters _{27,

28} , Ole Raaschou-Nielsen _{8,

16} , Debora Rizzuto ₂₉ , Evangelia Samoli ₄ , Yvonne T van der Schouw ₁₈ , Sara Schramm ₁₉ , Gianluca Severi _{24,

30} , Massimo Stafoggia _{6,

11} , Maciej Strak _{1,

17} , Mette Sørensen _{16,

31} , Anne Tjønneland _{5,

16} , Gudrun Weinmayr ₂₆ , Kathrin Wolf ₂₇ , Emanuel Zitt _{32,

33} , Bert Brunekreef ₁ , George D Thurston ₃₄

Affiliation

Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland.
University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland.
Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
Section of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
iClimate─Interdisciplinary Center for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, W2 1PG London, U.K.
Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service, ASL Roma 1, 00147 Rome, Italy.
Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, U.K.
Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability & School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, U.K.
Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40001 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45259 Essen, Germany.
Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, GU2 7XH Guildford, United Kingdom.
Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Region Stockholm, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, 182 88 Stockholm, Sweden.
University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP UMR1018, 94805 Villejuif, France.
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 22, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany.
Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, 50121 Firenze FI, Italy.
Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine (aks), 6900 Bregenz, Austria.
Department of Internal Medicine 3, LKH Feldkirch, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria.
Departments of Environmental Medicine and Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, 10010-2598 New York, United States.

We assessed mortality risks associated with source-specific fine particles (PM_2.5) in a pooled European cohort of 323,782 participants. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to estimate mortality hazard ratios (HRs) for source-specific PM_2.5 identified through a source apportionment analysis. Exposure to 2010 annual average concentrations of source-specific PM_2.5 components was assessed at baseline residential addresses. The source apportionment resulted in the identification of five sources: traffic, residual oil combustion, soil, biomass and agriculture, and industry. In single-source analysis, all identified sources were significantly positively associated with increased natural mortality risks. In multisource analysis, associations with all sources attenuated but remained statistically significant with traffic, oil, and biomass and agriculture. The highest association per interquartile increase was observed for the traffic component (HR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.04 and 1.08 per 2.86 μg/m³ increase) across five identified sources. On a 1 μg/m³ basis, the residual oil-related PM_2.5 had the strongest association (HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.05 and 1.22), which was substantially higher than that for generic PM_2.5 mass, suggesting that past estimates using the generic PM_2.5 exposure response function have underestimated the potential clean air health benefits of reducing fossil-fuel combustion. Source-specific associations with cause-specific mortality were in general consistent with findings of natural mortality.

中文翻译：

长期接触特定来源的细颗粒物与死亡率 — ELAPSE 项目中 14 个欧洲队列的汇总分析

我们在欧洲 323,782 名参与者中评估了与特定来源细颗粒 (PM _2.5 ) 相关的死亡风险。应用 Cox 比例风险模型来估算通过源分配分析确定的特定源 PM _2.5的死亡风险比 (HR)。在基准住宅地址评估了 2010 年特定源 PM _2.5成分的年平均浓度暴露情况。源解析确定了五个来源：交通、渣油燃烧、土壤、生物质和农业和工业。在单一来源分析中，所有已确定的来源均与自然死亡风险增加显着正相关。在多源分析中，与所有来源的关联减弱，但在交通、石油、生物质和农业方面仍然具有统计显着性。在五个已确定的来源中，观察到每四分位间增加的最高关联性是流量成分（HR：1.06；95% CI：每增加 2.86 μg/m ³分别为 1.04 和 1.08）。以 1 μg/m ³为基础，与残油相关的 PM _2.5具有最强的关联性（HR：1.13；95% CI：1.05 和 1.22），远高于一般 PM _2.5质量的关联性，这表明过去的估计使用通用 PM _2.5暴露响应函数低估了减少化石燃料燃烧对清洁空气健康的潜在益处。特定来源与特定原因死亡率的关联总体上与自然死亡率的发现一致。

更新日期：2022-06-23

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