Although many governments, financial institutions, and corporations are embracing nature-based solutions as part of their sustainability and net-zero carbon strategies, some nations, Indigenous peoples, local community groups, and grassroots organizations have rejected this term. This pushback is fueled by (i) critical uncertainties about when, where, how, and for whom nature-based solutions are effective and (ii) controversies surrounding their misuse in greenwashing, violations of human rights, and threats to biodiversity. To clarify how the scientific community can help address these issues, I provide an overview of recent research on the benefits and limits of nature-based solutions, including how they compare with technological approaches, and highlight critical areas for future research.

中文翻译：

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利用基于自然的解决方案的潜力来缓解和适应气候变化

尽管许多政府、金融机构和企业正在将基于自然的解决方案作为其可持续发展和净零碳战略的一部分，但一些国家、土著人民、当地社区团体和基层组织拒绝使用这个术语。（i）基于自然的解决方案何时、何地、如何以及对谁有效，以及（ii）围绕其在绿化中的滥用、侵犯人权和对生物多样性的威胁的争议，加剧了这种抵制。为了阐明科学界如何帮助解决这些问题，我概述了最近关于基于自然的解决方案的好处和局限性的研究，包括它们如何与技术方法进行比较，并强调未来研究的关键领域。