Energy efficiency and indoor air quality are frequently two conflicting objectives when establishing the air change rate (ACH) of a dwelling. In Europe, the northern countries have a clear focus on energy conservation, leading to an obvious awareness of the importance of airtightness, which translates into a high level of regulation and implementation. Meanwhile, the southern counterparts experience a more complex challenge by having predominantly passive ventilation strategies and milder climates, which often results in a more permissive approach.

This work proposes an innovative labelling methodology to classify the performance of naturally ventilated dwellings. A representative sample of a southern European national built stock is used in a stochastic process to create a pool of 43200 unique dwellings. The simulation period refers to a month of the typical heating season in the southern European mild conditions. The results test the labelling methodology. With feature selection, ACH limits, and a labelling strategy, dwellings classify according to their ability to provide adequate ACHs.

The terrain was the best splitter of the dataset from the applied categorical variables. Regarding continuous variables, the airtightness was the one explaining most of the variability of the outputted ACHs, followed by the floor area. From the best performing dwellings labelled as compliant (Com), the average airtightness level was 5.3 h^-1, with 4.9 h^-1 and 5.8 h^-1 in rural and urban locations.

在确定住宅的换气率 (ACH) 时，能源效率和室内空气质量通常是两个相互矛盾的目标。在欧洲，北方国家对节能的关注十分明确，导致对气密性重要性的认识明显，这转化为高水平的监管和实施。与此同时，南方同行面临着更为复杂的挑战，主要是被动通风策略和温和的气候，这通常会导致更宽松的方法。

这项工作提出了一种创新的标签方法来对自然通风住宅的性能进行分类。在随机过程中使用南欧国家建筑存量的代表性样本来创建一个包含 43200 个独特住宅的池。模拟期是指南欧温和条件下典型供暖季节的一个月。结果测试了标记方法。通过特征选择、ACH 限制和标签策略，住宅根据其提供足够 ACH 的能力进行分类。

地形是从应用的分类变量中最好的数据集拆分器。关于连续变量，气密性是解释输出 ACH 的大部分可变性的原因，其次是建筑面积。在标为合规 (Com) 的表现最好的住宅中，平均气密性水平为 5.3 h ^-1，农村和城市地区分别为 4.9 h ^-1和 5.8 h ^-1。