As one of the most striking phenomena in many-body systems, the breakdown of the adiabatic Born-Oppenheimer (ABO) approximation is essential for understanding and predicting the dynamics of quantum materials. Here, we demonstrate that strong nonadiabatic (NA) effects can emerge in electron-phonon coupling (EPC) and resultant superconductivity, yielding a surprisingly large contribution (up to 20%) to the total EPC strength λ of doped graphene/graphane and modulating the superconductivity transition temperature $T_c$ by ∼20%. The NA EPC, with a detectable isotopic effect, results from the renormalized EPC matrix elements (up to 40%) combined with the Fermi surface modulation, due to electron distributions deviating from the equilibrium. Our results imply that nonadiabaticity plays a wider and more important role than previously conceived, offering new understandings and strategies for dynamic engineering of quantum materials.

中文翻译：

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非绝热电子-声子耦合及其对超导性的影响

作为多体系统中最引人注目的现象之一，绝热玻恩-奥本海默 (ABO) 近似的崩溃对于理解和预测量子材料的动力学至关重要。在这里，我们证明了强非绝热（NA）效应可以出现在电子 - 声子耦合（EPC）和由此产生的超导性中，对掺杂石墨烯/石墨烯的总 EPC 强度 λ 产生惊人的大贡献（高达 20%）并调制超导转变温度${吨}_C$约 20%。由于电子分布偏离平衡，NA EPC 具有可检测的同位素效应，由重整化 EPC 基质元素（高达 40%）与费米表面调制相结合产生。我们的研究结果表明，非绝热性比以前设想的发挥更广泛和更重要的作用，为量子材料的动态工程提供了新的理解和策略。