The international community has committed to achieve 169 Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets by 2030 and to enhance climate adaptation under the Paris Agreement. Despite the potential for synergies, aligning SDG and climate adaptation efforts is inhibited by an inadequate understanding of the complex relationship between SDG targets and adaptation to impacts of climate change. Here we propose a framework to conceptualise how ecosystems and socio-economic sectors mediate this relationship, which provides a more nuanced understanding of the impacts of climate change on all 169 SDG targets. Global application of the framework reveals that adaptation of wetlands, rivers, cropland, construction, water, electricity, and housing in the most vulnerable countries is required to safeguard achievement of 68% of SDG targets from near-term climate risk by 2030. We discuss how our framework can help align National Adaptation Plans with SDG targets, thus ensuring that adaptation advances, rather than detracts from, sustainable development.

国际社会承诺到 2030 年实现 169 项可持续发展目标（SDG）目标，并根据《巴黎协定》加强气候适应。尽管存在协同作用的潜力，但由于对可持续发展目标目标与适应气候变化影响之间的复杂关系认识不足，因此阻碍了将可持续发展目标和气候适应工作相结合。在这里，我们提出了一个框架来概念化生态系统和社会经济部门如何调节这种关系，从而更细致地了解气候变化对所有 169 个可持续发展目标的影响。该框架的全球应用揭示了湿地、河流、农田、建筑、水、电、