Decarbonizing transport is crucial for achieving climate targets, which is challenging because mobility is growing rapidly. Personal mobility is a key societal service and basic need, but currently not available to everyone with sufficient quality and quantity. The basis for mobility and accessibility of desired destinations is infrastructure, but its build-up and maintenance require a substantial fraction of global resource use. The question arises, how much mobility and how much infrastructure are required to deliver decent, sustainable mobility.

We explore the relations between mobility levels, mobility infrastructure and well-being. We synthesize definitions of decent mobility and assess mobility measurements and provide a novel estimate of mobility infrastructure stocks for 172 countries in the year ~2021. We then explore the relations between infrastructure, travelled distances, accessibility, economic activity and several ‘beyond GDP’ well-being indicators.

We find that travelled distances and mobility infrastructure levels are significantly correlated. Above levels of ~92–207 t/cap of mobility infrastructure no further significant gains in well-being can be expected from a further increase of infrastructure. We conclude that high mobility in terms of distances travelled as well as building up mobility infrastructure is only beneficial for well-being up to a certain point.

交通脱碳对于实现气候目标至关重要，因为流动性正在迅速增长，这具有挑战性。个人出行是一项关键的社会服务和基本需求，但目前并非所有人都能以足够的质量和数量获得。所需目的地的流动性和可达性的基础是基础设施，但其建设和维护需要大量使用全球资源。问题出现了，需要多少流动性和多少基础设施才能提供体面的、可持续的流动性。

我们探讨了流动性水平、流动性基础设施和幸福感之间的关系。我们综合了体面流动性的定义并评估了流动性衡量标准，并对 2021 年 172 个国家的流动性基础设施存量进行了新的估计。然后，我们探讨了基础设施、行驶距离、可达性、经济活动和几个“超越 GDP”的福利指标之间的关系。

我们发现行驶距离和移动基础设施水平显着相关。高于约 92-207 吨/上限的移动基础设施水平，预计基础设施的进一步增加不会进一步显着改善福祉。我们得出的结论是，就出行距离而言，高流动性以及建立流动性基础设施仅在一定程度上有益于福祉。