In this study, an electrospray synthesis approach was utilized in which a solution mixture of a sensitive bioactive agent, d-limonene (DL, R-(+)-Limonene), and a nature-inspired polymer, κ-carrageenan (κC) was applied to design DL-κC nanoparticles (NPs) in a one step process. The engineered DL-κC NPs displayed spherical morphology and the maximum encapsulation efficiency of NPs was about 97 % by altering the mass ratio of DL to κC. The developed DL-κC NPs showed a pH-dependent release manner in vitro. Both photostability and thermostability of DL were promoted by increasing the κC concentration, and >85 % of the original DL could be preserved following 120 min of UV-light exposure in the NPs with 0.5 % κC. The results demonstrated that electrosprayed κC NPs are promising candidates for the design of high-loading pH-sensitive NPs for encapsulation of highly sensitive bioactive agents.

在这项研究中，使用了一种电喷雾合成方法，其中一种敏感的生物活性剂的溶液混合物，d-limonene (DL, R-(+)-Limonene) 和一种受自然启发的聚合物 κ-carrageenan (κC) 被应用于一步设计 DL-κC 纳米粒子 (NPs)。工程化的DL-κC NPs表现出球形形态，通过改变DL与κC的质量比，NPs的最大封装效率约为97%。开发的DL-κC NPs在体外表现出pH依赖性释放方式。DL 的光稳定性和热稳定性都通过增加 κC 浓度得到提升，并且在 0.5% κC 的 NP 中暴露 120 分钟紫外线后，可以保留 >85% 的原始 DL。结果表明，电喷雾 κC NPs 是设计用于封装高度敏感的生物活性剂的高负载 pH 敏感 NPs 的有希望的候选者。