Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), as a valuable fuel and oxidant, has attracted increasing attention in the energy and environmental-related areas. The electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with a prominent 2-electron (2e⁻) pathway has been recognized as a “green” route for the direct synthesis of H₂O₂ and its on-site utilization. A systematic summary on rational design of catalyst systems (i.e., the catalyst and the reaction medium) for selective electrochemical H₂O₂ production is still lacking, which is critical for advancing this burgeoning field. Here, fundamental knowledge of electrochemical H₂O₂-related reactions including the reaction mechanism and the performance (activity, selectivity, and stability) descriptors is introduced in the beginning of this review. Afterward, the cutting-edge electrocatalyst and reaction medium (i.e., electrolyte) design strategies for H₂O₂ generation via 2e⁻ ORR pathway are reviewed, with a special emphasis on selectivity regulation. Finally, critical perspectives are presented on the challenges and opportunities on the selective electrochemical H₂O₂ production.

过氧化氢（H ₂ O ₂）作为一种有价值的燃料和氧化剂，在能源和环境相关领域引起了越来越多的关注。具有突出的 2 电子 (2e ^- ) 途径的电化学氧还原反应 (ORR) 已被认为是直接合成 H ₂ O ₂及其现场利用的“绿色”途径。_{仍然缺乏对选择性电化学 H 2} O ₂生产的催化剂系统（即催化剂和反应介质）的合理设计的系统总结，这对于推进这一新兴领域至关重要。这里，电化学H ₂ O _{2的基础知识}相关反应，包括反应机理和性能（活性、选择性和稳定性）描述符在本综述的开头进行了介绍。随后，回顾了通过 2e ^{- ORR 途径产生 H} ₂ O ₂的尖端电催化剂和反应介质（即电解质）设计策略，特别强调选择性调节。_{最后，对选择性电化学 H 2} O ₂生产的挑战和机遇提出了批判性观点。