Is there a liability of foreignness in online crowdsourcing contests for creative work? Digitalization mitigates physical orthodox transaction-based frictions and is therefore expected to reduce the liability of foreignness. However, for creative work sourced digitally across borders, due to the decoupling of the locus of creation from the locus of selection and due to the cognitive nature of creative tasks, we suggest that frictions continue to arise from foreign solvers’ cognitive home biases in creative task generation and from solution-seeker firm managers’ cognitive home biases in creative task selection. These biases manifest as LOF, reducing the likelihood of foreign solvers’ work being selected as winners in online crowdsourcing contests. Furthermore, we argue that as foreign solvers gain both breadth and depth of international experience in prior online contests, and observe host peers in a live contest, the effect of the liability of foreignness is reduced due to the conceptual expansion of solvers’ creative consideration sets. Similarly, the seeker firm’s cognitive openness in selection arising from its being in a technology industry or being a physically international firm reduces the liability’s negative effect on solvers’ success. Our conditional logit estimation with multiway fixed-effects using 558,504 contest-solver observations from 13,993 solution-seeker firms in 102 countries and 11,497 solvers in 124 countries on an online platform broadly supports our hypotheses, suggesting that there are both demand-side and supply-side cognitive sources of LOF even in unblind online crowdsourcing contests.

在创意作品的在线众包竞赛中是否存在外国责任？数字化减轻了基于物理正统交易的摩擦，因此有望减少外国人的责任。然而，对于跨境数字来源的创造性工作，由于创造轨迹与选择轨迹的脱钩以及创造性任务的认知性质，我们认为摩擦继续产生于外国解决者在创造性方面的认知偏向任务生成和寻求解决方案的公司经理在创造性任务选择中的认知家庭偏见。这些偏见表现为 LOF，降低了外国求解者的工作被选为在线众包竞赛获胜者的可能性。此外，我们认为，随着外国求解者在之前的在线比赛中获得国际经验的广度和深度，并在现场比赛中观察主持人同行，由于求解者创造性考虑集的概念扩展，外国责任的影响降低了。类似地，寻求者公司在选择方面的认知开放性源于其处于技术行业或国际公司，减少了责任对解决者成功的负面影响。我们使用来自 102 个国家的 13,993 个解决方案寻求者公司和 124 个国家/地区的 11,497 个解决者的在线平台上的 558,504 个竞赛解决者观察结果进行多路固定效应条件 logit 估计，广泛支持我们的假设，