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Interaction between the Accumulation of Cadmium and Deoxynivalenol Mycotoxin Produced by Fusarium graminearum in Durum Wheat Grains
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01673 Valérie Nicaise 1, 2 , Sylvain Chereau 2 , Laetitia Pinson-Gadais 2 , Marie-Noelle Verdal-Bonnin 2 , Christine Ducos 2 , Mélanie Jimenez 1 , Cécile Coriou 1 , Sylvie Bussière 1 , Thierry Robert 1 , Christophe Nguyen 1 , Florence Richard-Forget 2 , Jean-Yves Cornu 1
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01673 Valérie Nicaise 1, 2 , Sylvain Chereau 2 , Laetitia Pinson-Gadais 2 , Marie-Noelle Verdal-Bonnin 2 , Christine Ducos 2 , Mélanie Jimenez 1 , Cécile Coriou 1 , Sylvie Bussière 1 , Thierry Robert 1 , Christophe Nguyen 1 , Florence Richard-Forget 2 , Jean-Yves Cornu 1
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Durum wheat is one of the cereal crops that accumulates the highest concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin in its grains, thereby affecting the safety of products made of durum wheat grains (pasta and semolina). This study investigates in planta the interaction between Cd and Fusarium graminearum, the main causal agent of DON accumulation in grains. A pot experiment was designed to characterize the response of durum wheat to F. graminearum infection at three levels of Cd exposure: 0.1, 2, and 10 mg Cd kg–1 soil, which showed that the accumulation of Cd and DON resulted from interacting processes. On the one hand, plant exposure to Cd reduced the concentration of DON in grains. The mitigating effect of Cd on DON accumulation was attributed to the restricted growth of F. graminearum, which could result from enhanced plant resistance to the fungal pathogen induced by Cd exposure. On the other hand, F. graminearum infection of durum wheat increased the Cd concentration in the grains. The promoting effect of Fusarium infection on Cd accumulation was attributed to decoupling of the allocation of Cd and photoassimilates to the grains and to the reduced strength of the grain sink for photoassimilates caused by the fungus. Provided that this result is confirmed in field conditions, it suggests that in Cd-contaminated soils, particular attention should be paid to agronomic practices that affect Fusarium head blight disease to avoid further increase in the risk of exceeding the regulatory limit set by the European Union for Cd in durum wheat.
中文翻译：
禾谷镰刀菌在硬粒小麦中积累镉与脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇霉菌毒素的相互作用
硬质小麦是谷类作物之一，其谷物中镉 (Cd) 和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 (DON) 霉菌毒素的浓度最高，从而影响由硬质小麦谷物制成的产品（面食和粗面粉）的安全性。本研究在植物中调查了Cd 与禾谷镰刀菌之间的相互作用，禾谷镰刀菌是 DON 在谷物中积累的主要病原体。设计了一个盆栽试验来表征硬粒小麦对禾谷镰刀菌感染在三种镉暴露水平下的反应：0.1、2 和 10 mg Cd kg –1土壤，这表明 Cd 和 DON 的积累是相互作用过程的结果。一方面，植物暴露于 Cd 降低了谷物中 DON 的浓度。Cd 对 DON 积累的缓解作用归因于禾谷镰刀菌的生长受限，这可能是由于 Cd 暴露诱导的植物对真菌病原体的抗性增强所致。另一方面，硬质小麦的禾谷镰刀菌感染增加了籽粒中的Cd浓度。镰刀菌的促进作用对 Cd 积累的感染归因于 Cd 和光同化物分配到谷物的去耦以及由真菌引起的光同化物的谷物汇强度降低。如果这一结果在田间条件下得到证实，则表明在受镉污染的土壤中，应特别注意影响镰刀菌头枯病的农艺做法，以避免进一步增加超过欧盟规定的监管限制的风险硬粒小麦中的镉。
更新日期：2022-06-22
中文翻译：
禾谷镰刀菌在硬粒小麦中积累镉与脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇霉菌毒素的相互作用
硬质小麦是谷类作物之一，其谷物中镉 (Cd) 和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 (DON) 霉菌毒素的浓度最高，从而影响由硬质小麦谷物制成的产品（面食和粗面粉）的安全性。本研究在植物中调查了Cd 与禾谷镰刀菌之间的相互作用，禾谷镰刀菌是 DON 在谷物中积累的主要病原体。设计了一个盆栽试验来表征硬粒小麦对禾谷镰刀菌感染在三种镉暴露水平下的反应：0.1、2 和 10 mg Cd kg –1土壤，这表明 Cd 和 DON 的积累是相互作用过程的结果。一方面，植物暴露于 Cd 降低了谷物中 DON 的浓度。Cd 对 DON 积累的缓解作用归因于禾谷镰刀菌的生长受限，这可能是由于 Cd 暴露诱导的植物对真菌病原体的抗性增强所致。另一方面，硬质小麦的禾谷镰刀菌感染增加了籽粒中的Cd浓度。镰刀菌的促进作用对 Cd 积累的感染归因于 Cd 和光同化物分配到谷物的去耦以及由真菌引起的光同化物的谷物汇强度降低。如果这一结果在田间条件下得到证实，则表明在受镉污染的土壤中，应特别注意影响镰刀菌头枯病的农艺做法，以避免进一步增加超过欧盟规定的监管限制的风险硬粒小麦中的镉。
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